week 5 understanding and expressing word meaning (2)
英译汉-词类转译
1、1. i recognized the "absurdity" of dealing with them through intermediaries.
2、2. he was still more surprised at the "singularity" of the stranger's appearance.
3、3. so the rehabilitation of the cabin became a "necessity".
5-30大学英语五模拟考试
大学英语五模拟考试
1、passage one questions 1 to 5 are based on the following passage. in late april, 33-year-old li yang climbed into her new car, suzuki alto and headed west. she “just kept going to see how far i could get.” six days and 1,600 miles later, she arrived in lhasa, the tibetan capital. exhausted and excited, she wrote an article and put it on the internet, documenting her adventure with digital photos. for centuries such freedom of movement has been unimaginable in china. in feudal times, poverty, bad roads, and imperial edict confined people to the villages where they were born. now all that is changing. with china’s economic development for decades, car ownership is suddenly within reach of millions of ordinary chinese. as incomes rise, new car prices fall down quickly, and the government adds new roadways, many chinese people think that it is enjoyable to have their own cars instead of bicycles. the increasing number of cars has launched a new cultural revolution, transforming chinese life and society in many ways, just like what happened in america 50 years ago. the most obvious change is the traffic. beijing’s broad streets are now filled with cars at rush hour. in shanghai the bridges and tunnels crossing the huangpu river witness so many cars that a cab ride from one side to the other can take more than an hour. to prevent traffic jams, the shanghai city government auctions a limited number of new car license plates each month. even with these restrictions, the number of cars on chinese roads is increasing so fast it poses a grave threat to the environment and could reshape the global economics of oil. private cars have brought about a new class of commuters, who drive to downtown office towers from spacious, modern homes in the suburbs. “i enjoy the drive,” says the manager of a dutch food company, who takes the 30-minute-trip to his office in the center of shanghai. he lives with his wife and infant son in a gated community with a familiar name: long island. “it would be probably cheaper to take a taxi every day,” he said. “but this way, i feel more comfortable and have more freedom.” 1. according to the passage, why did li yang put the article on the internet? a、to document her adventure. b、to ask for help. c、to earn some compassion. d、to earn some compassion.
2、passage one questions 1 to 5 are based on the following passage. in late april, 33-year-old li yang climbed into her new car, suzuki alto and headed west. she “just kept going to see how far i could get.” six days and 1,600 miles later, she arrived in lhasa, the tibetan capital. exhausted and excited, she wrote an article and put it on the internet, documenting her adventure with digital photos. for centuries such freedom of movement has been unimaginable in china. in feudal times, poverty, bad roads, and imperial edict confined people to the villages where they were born. now all that is changing. with china’s economic development for decades, car ownership is suddenly within reach of millions of ordinary chinese. as incomes rise, new car prices fall down quickly, and the government adds new roadways, many chinese people think that it is enjoyable to have their own cars instead of bicycles. the increasing number of cars has launched a new cultural revolution, transforming chinese life and society in many ways, just like what happened in america 50 years ago. the most obvious change is the traffic. beijing’s broad streets are now filled with cars at rush hour. in shanghai the bridges and tunnels crossing the huangpu river witness so many cars that a cab ride from one side to the other can take more than an hour. to prevent traffic jams, the shanghai city government auctions a limited number of new car license plates each month. even with these restrictions, the number of cars on chinese roads is increasing so fast it poses a grave threat to the environment and could reshape the global economics of oil. private cars have brought about a new class of commuters, who drive to downtown office towers from spacious, modern homes in the suburbs. “i enjoy the drive,” says the manager of a dutch food company, who takes the 30-minute-trip to his office in the center of shanghai. he lives with his wife and infant son in a gated community with a familiar name: long island. “it would be probably cheaper to take a taxi every day,” he said. “but this way, i feel more comfortable and have more freedom.” 2. which of the following does not contribute to china’s increasing cars? a、rising income. b、cheaper new cars. c、more new roadways. d、the freedom of owning a car.
3、passage one questions 1 to 5 are based on the following passage. in late april, 33-year-old li yang climbed into her new car, suzuki alto and headed west. she “just kept going to see how far i could get.” six days and 1,600 miles later, she arrived in lhasa, the tibetan capital. exhausted and excited, she wrote an article and put it on the internet, documenting her adventure with digital photos. for centuries such freedom of movement has been unimaginable in china. in feudal times, poverty, bad roads, and imperial edict confined people to the villages where they were born. now all that is changing. with china’s economic development for decades, car ownership is suddenly within reach of millions of ordinary chinese. as incomes rise, new car prices fall down quickly, and the government adds new roadways, many chinese people think that it is enjoyable to have their own cars instead of bicycles. the increasing number of cars has launched a new cultural revolution, transforming chinese life and society in many ways, just like what happened in america 50 years ago. the most obvious change is the traffic. beijing’s broad streets are now filled with cars at rush hour. in shanghai the bridges and tunnels crossing the huangpu river witness so many cars that a cab ride from one side to the other can take more than an hour. to prevent traffic jams, the shanghai city government auctions a limited number of new car license plates each month. even with these restrictions, the number of cars on chinese roads is increasing so fast it poses a grave threat to the environment and could reshape the global economics of oil. private cars have brought about a new class of commuters, who drive to downtown office towers from spacious, modern homes in the suburbs. “i enjoy the drive,” says the manager of a dutch food company, who takes the 30-minute-trip to his office in the center of shanghai. he lives with his wife and infant son in a gated community with a familiar name: long island. “it would be probably cheaper to take a taxi every day,” he said. “but this way, i feel more comfortable and have more freedom.” 3. more and more cars have brought about a lot of changes, except ______. a、traffic jams b、environmental pollution c、high price of real estate d、a limit on new car license plates
4、passage one questions 1 to 5 are based on the following passage. in late april, 33-year-old li yang climbed into her new car, suzuki alto and headed west. she “just kept going to see how far i could get.” six days and 1,600 miles later, she arrived in lhasa, the tibetan capital. exhausted and excited, she wrote an article and put it on the internet, documenting her adventure with digital photos. for centuries such freedom of movement has been unimaginable in china. in feudal times, poverty, bad roads, and imperial edict confined people to the villages where they were born. now all that is changing. with china’s economic development for decades, car ownership is suddenly within reach of millions of ordinary chinese. as incomes rise, new car prices fall down quickly, and the government adds new roadways, many chinese people think that it is enjoyable to have their own cars instead of bicycles. the increasing number of cars has launched a new cultural revolution, transforming chinese life and society in many ways, just like what happened in america 50 years ago. the most obvious change is the traffic. beijing’s broad streets are now filled with cars at rush hour. in shanghai the bridges and tunnels crossing the huangpu river witness so many cars that a cab ride from one side to the other can take more than an hour. to prevent traffic jams, the shanghai city government auctions a limited number of new car license plates each month. even with these restrictions, the number of cars on chinese roads is increasing so fast it poses a grave threat to the environment and could reshape the global economics of oil. private cars have brought about a new class of commuters, who drive to downtown office towers from spacious, modern homes in the suburbs. “i enjoy the drive,” says the manager of a dutch food company, who takes the 30-minute-trip to his office in the center of shanghai. he lives with his wife and infant son in a gated community with a familiar name: long island. “it would be probably cheaper to take a taxi every day,” he said. “but this way, i feel more comfortable and have more freedom.” 4. what did the shanghai government do to prevent traffic jams? a、it encourages more people to live in the suburbs. b、it tried to build more highways and tunnels. c、it sets a limit on the number of new car license plates. d、it advocates people to take public transportation.
5、passage one questions 1 to 5 are based on the following passage. in late april, 33-year-old li yang climbed into her new car, suzuki alto and headed west. she “just kept going to see how far i could get.” six days and 1,600 miles later, she arrived in lhasa, the tibetan capital. exhausted and excited, she wrote an article and put it on the internet, documenting her adventure with digital photos. for centuries such freedom of movement has been unimaginable in china. in feudal times, poverty, bad roads, and imperial edict confined people to the villages where they were born. now all that is changing. with china’s economic development for decades, car ownership is suddenly within reach of millions of ordinary chinese. as incomes rise, new car prices fall down quickly, and the government adds new roadways, many chinese people think that it is enjoyable to have their own cars instead of bicycles. the increasing number of cars has launched a new cultural revolution, transforming chinese life and society in many ways, just like what happened in america 50 years ago. the most obvious change is the traffic. beijing’s broad streets are now filled with cars at rush hour. in shanghai the bridges and tunnels crossing the huangpu river witness so many cars that a cab ride from one side to the other can take more than an hour. to prevent traffic jams, the shanghai city government auctions a limited number of new car license plates each month. even with these restrictions, the number of cars on chinese roads is increasing so fast it poses a grave threat to the environment and could reshape the global economics of oil. private cars have brought about a new class of commuters, who drive to downtown office towers from spacious, modern homes in the suburbs. “i enjoy the drive,” says the manager of a dutch food company, who takes the 30-minute-trip to his office in the center of shanghai. he lives with his wife and infant son in a gated community with a familiar name: long island. “it would be probably cheaper to take a taxi every day,” he said. “but this way, i feel more comfortable and have more freedom.” 5. which of the following statements is true? a、in feudal times, people were unwilling to leave the village where they were born. b、shanghai city sets a good example for beijing city to control the number of cars. c、one benefit of living in the suburbs is that people can live in a larger community. d、private-car ownership actually means more freedom and comfort.
6、passage two questions 6 to 10 are based on the following passage. on jan. 9, 2007, steve jobs formally announced apple’s “revolutionary mobile phone” — a device that combined the functionality of an ipod, phone and internet communication into a single unit, navigated by touch. it was a huge milestone in the development of smartphones, which are now owned by a majority of american adults and are increasingly common across the globe. as smartphones have multiplied, so have questions about their impact on how we live and how we work. often the advantages of convenient, mobile technology are both obvious and taken for granted, leaving more subtle topics for concerned discussion: are smartphones disturbing children’s sleep? is an inability to get away from work having a negative impact on health? and what are the implications for privacy? but today, on the 10th anniversary of the iphone, let’s take a moment to consider a less obvious advantage: the potential for smartphone technology to revolutionize behavioral science. that’s because, for the first time in human history, a large proportion of the species is in continuous contact with technology that can record key features of an individual’s behavior and environment. researchers have already begun to use smartphones in social scientific research, either to query people regularly as they engage in their normal lives or to record activity using the device’s built-in sensors. these studies are confirming, challenging and extending what’s been found using more traditional approaches, in which people report how they behaved in real life or participate in relatively short and artificial laboratory-based tasks. such studies are just first steps. as more data are collected and methods for analysis improve, researchers will be in a better position to identify how different experiences, behaviors and environments relate to each other and evolve over time, with the potential to improve people’s productivity and wellbeing in a variety of domains. beyond revealing population-wide patterns, the right combination of data and analysis can also help individuals identify unique characteristics of their own behavior, including conditions that could indicate the need for some form of intervention — such as an unusual increase in behaviors that signal a period of depression. smartphone-based data collection comes at an appropriate time in the evolution of psychological science. today, the field is in transition, moving away from a focus on laboratory studies with undergraduate participants towards more complex, real-world situations studied with more diverse groups of people. smartphones offer new tools for achieving these ambitions, providing rich data about everyday behaviors in a variety of contexts. so here’s another way in which smartphones might transform the way we live and work: by offering insights into human psychology and behavior and, thus, supporting smarter social science. 6. what does the author say about the negative impact of smartphones? a、it has been overshadowed by the positive impact b、it has more often than not been taken for granted. c、it is not so obvious but has caused some concern. d、it is subtle but should by no means be overstated.
7、passage two questions 6 to 10 are based on the following passage. on jan. 9, 2007, steve jobs formally announced apple’s “revolutionary mobile phone” — a device that combined the functionality of an ipod, phone and internet communication into a single unit, navigated by touch. it was a huge milestone in the development of smartphones, which are now owned by a majority of american adults and are increasingly common across the globe. as smartphones have multiplied, so have questions about their impact on how we live and how we work. often the advantages of convenient, mobile technology are both obvious and taken for granted, leaving more subtle topics for concerned discussion: are smartphones disturbing children’s sleep? is an inability to get away from work having a negative impact on health? and what are the implications for privacy? but today, on the 10th anniversary of the iphone, let’s take a moment to consider a less obvious advantage: the potential for smartphone technology to revolutionize behavioral science. that’s because, for the first time in human history, a large proportion of the species is in continuous contact with technology that can record key features of an individual’s behavior and environment. researchers have already begun to use smartphones in social scientific research, either to query people regularly as they engage in their normal lives or to record activity using the device’s built-in sensors. these studies are confirming, challenging and extending what’s been found using more traditional approaches, in which people report how they behaved in real life or participate in relatively short and artificial laboratory-based tasks. such studies are just first steps. as more data are collected and methods for analysis improve, researchers will be in a better position to identify how different experiences, behaviors and environments relate to each other and evolve over time, with the potential to improve people’s productivity and wellbeing in a variety of domains. beyond revealing population-wide patterns, the right combination of data and analysis can also help individuals identify unique characteristics of their own behavior, including conditions that could indicate the need for some form of intervention — such as an unusual increase in behaviors that signal a period of depression. smartphone-based data collection comes at an appropriate time in the evolution of psychological science. today, the field is in transition, moving away from a focus on laboratory studies with undergraduate participants towards more complex, real-world situations studied with more diverse groups of people. smartphones offer new tools for achieving these ambitions, providing rich data about everyday behaviors in a variety of contexts. so here’s another way in which smartphones might transform the way we live and work: by offering insights into human psychology and behavior and, thus, supporting smarter social science. 7. what is considered a less obvious advantage of smartphone technology? a、it systematically records real human interactions. b、it helps people benefit from technological advances. c、it brings people into closer contact with each other. d、it greatly improves research on human behavior.
8、passage two questions 6 to 10 are based on the following passage. on jan. 9, 2007, steve jobs formally announced apple’s “revolutionary mobile phone” — a device that combined the functionality of an ipod, phone and internet communication into a single unit, navigated by touch. it was a huge milestone in the development of smartphones, which are now owned by a majority of american adults and are increasingly common across the globe. as smartphones have multiplied, so have questions about their impact on how we live and how we work. often the advantages of convenient, mobile technology are both obvious and taken for granted, leaving more subtle topics for concerned discussion: are smartphones disturbing children’s sleep? is an inability to get away from work having a negative impact on health? and what are the implications for privacy? but today, on the 10th anniversary of the iphone, let’s take a moment to consider a less obvious advantage: the potential for smartphone technology to revolutionize behavioral science. that’s because, for the first time in human history, a large proportion of the species is in continuous contact with technology that can record key features of an individual’s behavior and environment. researchers have already begun to use smartphones in social scientific research, either to query people regularly as they engage in their normal lives or to record activity using the device’s built-in sensors. these studies are confirming, challenging and extending what’s been found using more traditional approaches, in which people report how they behaved in real life or participate in relatively short and artificial laboratory-based tasks. such studies are just first steps. as more data are collected and methods for analysis improve, researchers will be in a better position to identify how different experiences, behaviors and environments relate to each other and evolve over time, with the potential to improve people’s productivity and wellbeing in a variety of domains. beyond revealing population-wide patterns, the right combination of data and analysis can also help individuals identify unique characteristics of their own behavior, including conditions that could indicate the need for some form of intervention — such as an unusual increase in behaviors that signal a period of depression. smartphone-based data collection comes at an appropriate time in the evolution of psychological science. today, the field is in transition, moving away from a focus on laboratory studies with undergraduate participants towards more complex, real-world situations studied with more diverse groups of people. smartphones offer new tools for achieving these ambitions, providing rich data about everyday behaviors in a variety of contexts. so here’s another way in which smartphones might transform the way we live and work: by offering insights into human psychology and behavior and, thus, supporting smarter social science. 8. what characterizes traditional psychological research? a、it is based on huge amounts of carefully collected data. b、it relies on lab observations and participants’ reports. c、it makes use of the questionnaire method. d、it is often expensive and time-consuming.
9、passage two questions 6 to 10 are based on the following passage. on jan. 9, 2007, steve jobs formally announced apple’s “revolutionary mobile phone” — a device that combined the functionality of an ipod, phone and internet communication into a single unit, navigated by touch. it was a huge milestone in the development of smartphones, which are now owned by a majority of american adults and are increasingly common across the globe. as smartphones have multiplied, so have questions about their impact on how we live and how we work. often the advantages of convenient, mobile technology are both obvious and taken for granted, leaving more subtle topics for concerned discussion: are smartphones disturbing children’s sleep? is an inability to get away from work having a negative impact on health? and what are the implications for privacy? but today, on the 10th anniversary of the iphone, let’s take a moment to consider a less obvious advantage: the potential for smartphone technology to revolutionize behavioral science. that’s because, for the first time in human history, a large proportion of the species is in continuous contact with technology that can record key features of an individual’s behavior and environment. researchers have already begun to use smartphones in social scientific research, either to query people regularly as they engage in their normal lives or to record activity using the device’s built-in sensors. these studies are confirming, challenging and extending what’s been found using more traditional approaches, in which people report how they behaved in real life or participate in relatively short and artificial laboratory-based tasks. such studies are just first steps. as more data are collected and methods for analysis improve, researchers will be in a better position to identify how different experiences, behaviors and environments relate to each other and evolve over time, with the potential to improve people’s productivity and wellbeing in a variety of domains. beyond revealing population-wide patterns, the right combination of data and analysis can also help individuals identify unique characteristics of their own behavior, including conditions that could indicate the need for some form of intervention — such as an unusual increase in behaviors that signal a period of depression. smartphone-based data collection comes at an appropriate time in the evolution of psychological science. today, the field is in transition, moving away from a focus on laboratory studies with undergraduate participants towards more complex, real-world situations studied with more diverse groups of people. smartphones offer new tools for achieving these ambitions, providing rich data about everyday behaviors in a variety of contexts. so here’s another way in which smartphones might transform the way we live and work: by offering insights into human psychology and behavior and, thus, supporting smarter social science. 9. how will future psychological studies benefit individuals? a、by helping them pin down their unusual behaviors. b、by helping them maintain a positive state of mind. c、by helping them live their lives in a unique way. d、by helping them cope with abnormal situations.
10、passage two questions 6 to 10 are based on the following passage. on jan. 9, 2007, steve jobs formally announced apple’s “revolutionary mobile phone” — a device that combined the functionality of an ipod, phone and internet communication into a single unit, navigated by touch. it was a huge milestone in the development of smartphones, which are now owned by a majority of american adults and are increasingly common across the globe. as smartphones have multiplied, so have questions about their impact on how we live and how we work. often the advantages of convenient, mobile technology are both obvious and taken for granted, leaving more subtle topics for concerned discussion: are smartphones disturbing children’s sleep? is an inability to get away from work having a negative impact on health? and what are the implications for privacy? but today, on the 10th anniversary of the iphone, let’s take a moment to consider a less obvious advantage: the potential for smartphone technology to revolutionize behavioral science. that’s because, for the first time in human history, a large proportion of the species is in continuous contact with technology that can record key features of an individual’s behavior and environment. researchers have already begun to use smartphones in social scientific research, either to query people regularly as they engage in their normal lives or to record activity using the device’s built-in sensors. these studies are confirming, challenging and extending what’s been found using more traditional approaches, in which people report how they behaved in real life or participate in relatively short and artificial laboratory-based tasks. such studies are just first steps. as more data are collected and methods for analysis improve, researchers will be in a better position to identify how different experiences, behaviors and environments relate to each other and evolve over time, with the potential to improve people’s productivity and wellbeing in a variety of domains. beyond revealing population-wide patterns, the right combination of data and analysis can also help individuals identify unique characteristics of their own behavior, including conditions that could indicate the need for some form of intervention — such as an unusual increase in behaviors that signal a period of depression. smartphone-based data collection comes at an appropriate time in the evolution of psychological science. today, the field is in transition, moving away from a focus on laboratory studies with undergraduate participants towards more complex, real-world situations studied with more diverse groups of people. smartphones offer new tools for achieving these ambitions, providing rich data about everyday behaviors in a variety of contexts. so here’s another way in which smartphones might transform the way we live and work: by offering insights into human psychology and behavior and, thus, supporting smarter social science. 10. what do we learn about current psychological studies? a、they are going through a period of painful transition. b、they are increasingly focused on real-life situations. c、they are conducted in a more rigorous manner. d、they are mainly targeted towards undergraduates.
11、passage three questions 11 and 15 are based on the following passage. perhaps it is time for farmers to put their feet up now that robots are used to inspect crops, dig up weeds, and even have become shepherds, too. commercial growing fields are astronomically huge and take thousands of man-hours to operate. one prime example is one of australia’s most isolated cattle stations. suplejack downs in the northern territory, extending across 4,000 square kilometers, taking over 13 hours to reach by car from the nearest major town—alice springs. the extreme isolation of these massive farms leaves them often unattached, and monitored only once or twice a year, which means if the livestock falls ill or requires assistance, it can be a long time for farmers to discover. however, robots are coming to the rescue. robots are currently under a two-year trial in wales which will train “farmbots” to herd, monitor the health of livestock, and make sure there is enough pasture for them to graze on. the robots are equipped with many sensors to identify conditions of the environment, cattle and food, using thermal and vision sensors that detect changes in body temperature. “you’ve also got color, texture and shape sensors looking down at the ground to check pasture quality,” says salah sukkarieh of the university of sydney, who will carry out trials on several farms in central new south wales. during the trials, the robot algorithms(算法) and mechanics will be fine-tuned to make it better suited to ailing livestock and ensure it safely navigates around potential hazards including trees, mud, swamps and hills. “we want to improve the quality of animal health and make it easier for farmers to maintain large landscapes where animals roam free,” says sukkarieh. the robots are not limited to herding and monitoring livestock. they gave been created to count individual fruit, inspect crops, and even pull weeds. many robots are equipped with high-tech sensors and complex learning algorithms to avoid injuring humans as they work side by side. the robots also learn the most efficient and safest passages, and allow engineers and farmers to analyze and better optimize the attributes and tasks of the robot, as well as provide a live stream giving real-time feedback on exactly what is happening on the farms. of course, some worry lies in replacing agricultural works. however, it is farmers that are pushing for the advancements due to ever-increasing labor vacancies, making it difficult to maintain large-scale operations. the robots have provided major benefits to farmers in various ways, from hunting and pulling weeds to monitoring the condition of every single fruit. future farms will likely experience a greater deal of autonomy as robots take up more and more farm work efficiently. 11. what may farmers be able to do with robots appearing on the farming scene? a、upgrade farm produce. b、enjoy more leisure hours. c、modify the genes of crops. d、cut down farming costs.
12、passage three questions 11 and 15 are based on the following passage. perhaps it is time for farmers to put their feet up now that robots are used to inspect crops, dig up weeds, and even have become shepherds, too. commercial growing fields are astronomically huge and take thousands of man-hours to operate. one prime example is one of australia’s most isolated cattle stations. suplejack downs in the northern territory, extending across 4,000 square kilometers, taking over 13 hours to reach by car from the nearest major town—alice springs. the extreme isolation of these massive farms leaves them often unattached, and monitored only once or twice a year, which means if the livestock falls ill or requires assistance, it can be a long time for farmers to discover. however, robots are coming to the rescue. robots are currently under a two-year trial in wales which will train “farmbots” to herd, monitor the health of livestock, and make sure there is enough pasture for them to graze on. the robots are equipped with many sensors to identify conditions of the environment, cattle and food, using thermal and vision sensors that detect changes in body temperature. “you’ve also got color, texture and shape sensors looking down at the ground to check pasture quality,” says salah sukkarieh of the university of sydney, who will carry out trials on several farms in central new south wales. during the trials, the robot algorithms(算法) and mechanics will be fine-tuned to make it better suited to ailing livestock and ensure it safely navigates around potential hazards including trees, mud, swamps and hills. “we want to improve the quality of animal health and make it easier for farmers to maintain large landscapes where animals roam free,” says sukkarieh. the robots are not limited to herding and monitoring livestock. they gave been created to count individual fruit, inspect crops, and even pull weeds. many robots are equipped with high-tech sensors and complex learning algorithms to avoid injuring humans as they work side by side. the robots also learn the most efficient and safest passages, and allow engineers and farmers to analyze and better optimize the attributes and tasks of the robot, as well as provide a live stream giving real-time feedback on exactly what is happening on the farms. of course, some worry lies in replacing agricultural works. however, it is farmers that are pushing for the advancements due to ever-increasing labor vacancies, making it difficult to maintain large-scale operations. the robots have provided major benefits to farmers in various ways, from hunting and pulling weeds to monitoring the condition of every single fruit. future farms will likely experience a greater deal of autonomy as robots take up more and more farm work efficiently. 12. what will “farmbots” be expected to do? a、take up many of the farmers’ routines. b、provide medical treatments for livestock. c、lead the trend in farming the world over. d、improve the quality of pastures for grazing.
13、passage three questions 11 and 15 are based on the following passage. perhaps it is time for farmers to put their feet up now that robots are used to inspect crops, dig up weeds, and even have become shepherds, too. commercial growing fields are astronomically huge and take thousands of man-hours to operate. one prime example is one of australia’s most isolated cattle stations. suplejack downs in the northern territory, extending across 4,000 square kilometers, taking over 13 hours to reach by car from the nearest major town—alice springs. the extreme isolation of these massive farms leaves them often unattached, and monitored only once or twice a year, which means if the livestock falls ill or requires assistance, it can be a long time for farmers to discover. however, robots are coming to the rescue. robots are currently under a two-year trial in wales which will train “farmbots” to herd, monitor the health of livestock, and make sure there is enough pasture for them to graze on. the robots are equipped with many sensors to identify conditions of the environment, cattle and food, using thermal and vision sensors that detect changes in body temperature. “you’ve also got color, texture and shape sensors looking down at the ground to check pasture quality,” says salah sukkarieh of the university of sydney, who will carry out trials on several farms in central new south wales. during the trials, the robot algorithms(算法) and mechanics will be fine-tuned to make it better suited to ailing livestock and ensure it safely navigates around potential hazards including trees, mud, swamps and hills. “we want to improve the quality of animal health and make it easier for farmers to maintain large landscapes where animals roam free,” says sukkarieh. the robots are not limited to herding and monitoring livestock. they gave been created to count individual fruit, inspect crops, and even pull weeds. many robots are equipped with high-tech sensors and complex learning algorithms to avoid injuring humans as they work side by side. the robots also learn the most efficient and safest passages, and allow engineers and farmers to analyze and better optimize the attributes and tasks of the robot, as well as provide a live stream giving real-time feedback on exactly what is happening on the farms. of course, some worry lies in replacing agricultural works. however, it is farmers that are pushing for the advancements due to ever-increasing labor vacancies, making it difficult to maintain large-scale operations. the robots have provided major benefits to farmers in various ways, from hunting and pulling weeds to monitoring the condition of every single fruit. future farms will likely experience a greater deal of autonomy as robots take up more and more farm work efficiently. 13. what can robots do when equipped with high-tech sensors and complex learning algorithms? a、help farmers choose the most efficient and safest passages. b、help farmers simplify their farming tasks and management. c、allow farmers to learn instantly what is occurring on the farm. d、allow farmers to give them real-time instructions on what to do.
14、passage three questions 11 and 15 are based on the following passage. perhaps it is time for farmers to put their feet up now that robots are used to inspect crops, dig up weeds, and even have become shepherds, too. commercial growing fields are astronomically huge and take thousands of man-hours to operate. one prime example is one of australia’s most isolated cattle stations. suplejack downs in the northern territory, extending across 4,000 square kilometers, taking over 13 hours to reach by car from the nearest major town—alice springs. the extreme isolation of these massive farms leaves them often unattached, and monitored only once or twice a year, which means if the livestock falls ill or requires assistance, it can be a long time for farmers to discover. however, robots are coming to the rescue. robots are currently under a two-year trial in wales which will train “farmbots” to herd, monitor the health of livestock, and make sure there is enough pasture for them to graze on. the robots are equipped with many sensors to identify conditions of the environment, cattle and food, using thermal and vision sensors that detect changes in body temperature. “you’ve also got color, texture and shape sensors looking down at the ground to check pasture quality,” says salah sukkarieh of the university of sydney, who will carry out trials on several farms in central new south wales. during the trials, the robot algorithms(算法) and mechanics will be fine-tuned to make it better suited to ailing livestock and ensure it safely navigates around potential hazards including trees, mud, swamps and hills. “we want to improve the quality of animal health and make it easier for farmers to maintain large landscapes where animals roam free,” says sukkarieh. the robots are not limited to herding and monitoring livestock. they gave been created to count individual fruit, inspect crops, and even pull weeds. many robots are equipped with high-tech sensors and complex learning algorithms to avoid injuring humans as they work side by side. the robots also learn the most efficient and safest passages, and allow engineers and farmers to analyze and better optimize the attributes and tasks of the robot, as well as provide a live stream giving real-time feedback on exactly what is happening on the farms. of course, some worry lies in replacing agricultural works. however, it is farmers that are pushing for the advancements due to ever-increasing labor vacancies, making it difficult to maintain large-scale operations. the robots have provided major benefits to farmers in various ways, from hunting and pulling weeds to monitoring the condition of every single fruit. future farms will likely experience a greater deal of autonomy as robots take up more and more farm work efficiently. 14. why are farmers pressing for robotic farming? a、farming costs are fast increasing. b、robotics technology is maturing. c、robotic farming is the trend. d、labor shortage is worsening.
15、passage three questions 11 and 15 are based on the following passage. perhaps it is time for farmers to put their feet up now that robots are used to inspect crops, dig up weeds, and even have become shepherds, too. commercial growing fields are astronomically huge and take thousands of man-hours to operate. one prime example is one of australia’s most isolated cattle stations. suplejack downs in the northern territory, extending across 4,000 square kilometers, taking over 13 hours to reach by car from the nearest major town—alice springs. the extreme isolation of these massive farms leaves them often unattached, and monitored only once or twice a year, which means if the livestock falls ill or requires assistance, it can be a long time for farmers to discover. however, robots are coming to the rescue. robots are currently under a two-year trial in wales which will train “farmbots” to herd, monitor the health of livestock, and make sure there is enough pasture for them to graze on. the robots are equipped with many sensors to identify conditions of the environment, cattle and food, using thermal and vision sensors that detect changes in body temperature. “you’ve also got color, texture and shape sensors looking down at the ground to check pasture quality,” says salah sukkarieh of the university of sydney, who will carry out trials on several farms in central new south wales. during the trials, the robot algorithms(算法) and mechanics will be fine-tuned to make it better suited to ailing livestock and ensure it safely navigates around potential hazards including trees, mud, swamps and hills. “we want to improve the quality of animal health and make it easier for farmers to maintain large landscapes where animals roam free,” says sukkarieh. the robots are not limited to herding and monitoring livestock. they gave been created to count individual fruit, inspect crops, and even pull weeds. many robots are equipped with high-tech sensors and complex learning algorithms to avoid injuring humans as they work side by side. the robots also learn the most efficient and safest passages, and allow engineers and farmers to analyze and better optimize the attributes and tasks of the robot, as well as provide a live stream giving real-time feedback on exactly what is happening on the farms. of course, some worry lies in replacing agricultural works. however, it is farmers that are pushing for the advancements due to ever-increasing labor vacancies, making it difficult to maintain large-scale operations. the robots have provided major benefits to farmers in various ways, from hunting and pulling weeds to monitoring the condition of every single fruit. future farms will likely experience a greater deal of autonomy as robots take up more and more farm work efficiently. 15. what does the author think future farms will be like? a、more and more automated. b、more and more productive. c、larger and larger in scale. d、better and better in condition.
16、passage four questions 16 and 20 are based on the following passage. effective friday, screen actors guild-american federation of television and radio artists (sag-aftra) has declared a strike against 11 video game publishers over games that went into production after feb. 17, 2015. the companies include some of the heavyweights of the industry, like electronic arts productions, insomniac games, activision and disney. the strike comes in light of an unsuccessful 19 months of negotiations after the existing labor contract known as the interactive media agreement expired in late 2014. overall, the strike is an effort to provide more secondary compensation along with other concerns, such as transparency upon hiring talent and on-set (制作中) safety precautions. the video gaming industry has ballooned in recent years. the los angeles times reports that the industry is in the midst of an intense increase in cash flow. in 2015, gaming produced $23.5 billion in domestic revenue. but sag-aftra says voice actors don’t receive residuals (追加酬金) for their gaming work. instead, they receive a fixed rate, which is typically about $825 for a standard four-hour vocal session. so the voice actors are pushing for the idea of secondary compensation — a performance bonus every time a game sells 2 million copies or downloads, or reaches 2 million subscribers, with a cap at 8 million. “it’s a very small number of games that would trigger this secondary compensation issue,” said voice actor crispin freeman, who’s a member of the union’s negotiating committee. “this is an important aspect of what it means to be a freelance (从事自由职业的) performer, who isn’t regularly employed every single day working on projects.” another major complaint from the actors is the secrecy of the industry. “i can’t imagine if there’s any other acting job in the world where you don’t know what show you’re in, when you’re hired,” says voice actor keythe farley, who chairs the sag-aftra negotiating committee. “and yet that happens every day in the video game world,” farley told reporters during a press conference friday. “i was a main character in fallout 4, a character by the name of kellogg, and i never knew that i was doing vocal recording for that game throughout the year and a half.” scott witlin, the lawyer representing the video game companies, says voice actors “represent less than one tenth of 1 percent of the work that goes into making a video game.” so “even though they’re the top craftsmen in their field,”witlin says, “if we pay them under a vastly different system than the people who do the 99.9 percent of the work, that’s going to create far more problems for the video game companies.” 16. why did sag-aftra declare a strike against some video game publishers? a、the labor contract between them had been violated. b、its appeal to renegotiate the contract had been rejected. c、it had been cheated repeatedly in the 19 months of talks. d、the negotiations between them had broken down.
17、passage four questions 16 and 20 are based on the following passage. effective friday, screen actors guild-american federation of television and radio artists (sag-aftra) has declared a strike against 11 video game publishers over games that went into production after feb. 17, 2015. the companies include some of the heavyweights of the industry, like electronic arts productions, insomniac games, activision and disney. the strike comes in light of an unsuccessful 19 months of negotiations after the existing labor contract known as the interactive media agreement expired in late 2014. overall, the strike is an effort to provide more secondary compensation along with other concerns, such as transparency upon hiring talent and on-set (制作中) safety precautions. the video gaming industry has ballooned in recent years. the los angeles times reports that the industry is in the midst of an intense increase in cash flow. in 2015, gaming produced $23.5 billion in domestic revenue. but sag-aftra says voice actors don’t receive residuals (追加酬金) for their gaming work. instead, they receive a fixed rate, which is typically about $825 for a standard four-hour vocal session. so the voice actors are pushing for the idea of secondary compensation — a performance bonus every time a game sells 2 million copies or downloads, or reaches 2 million subscribers, with a cap at 8 million. “it’s a very small number of games that would trigger this secondary compensation issue,” said voice actor crispin freeman, who’s a member of the union’s negotiating committee. “this is an important aspect of what it means to be a freelance (从事自由职业的) performer, who isn’t regularly employed every single day working on projects.” another major complaint from the actors is the secrecy of the industry. “i can’t imagine if there’s any other acting job in the world where you don’t know what show you’re in, when you’re hired,” says voice actor keythe farley, who chairs the sag-aftra negotiating committee. “and yet that happens every day in the video game world,” farley told reporters during a press conference friday. “i was a main character in fallout 4, a character by the name of kellogg, and i never knew that i was doing vocal recording for that game throughout the year and a half.” scott witlin, the lawyer representing the video game companies, says voice actors “represent less than one tenth of 1 percent of the work that goes into making a video game.” so “even though they’re the top craftsmen in their field,”witlin says, “if we pay them under a vastly different system than the people who do the 99.9 percent of the work, that’s going to create far more problems for the video game companies.” 17. what do we learn from the passage about the video gaming industry? a、it has reaped huge profits in recent years. b、it has become more open and transparent. c、it has attracted many famous voice actors. d、it has invested a lot in its domestic market.
18、passage four questions 16 and 20 are based on the following passage. effective friday, screen actors guild-american federation of television and radio artists (sag-aftra) has declared a strike against 11 video game publishers over games that went into production after feb. 17, 2015. the companies include some of the heavyweights of the industry, like electronic arts productions, insomniac games, activision and disney. the strike comes in light of an unsuccessful 19 months of negotiations after the existing labor contract known as the interactive media agreement expired in late 2014. overall, the strike is an effort to provide more secondary compensation along with other concerns, such as transparency upon hiring talent and on-set (制作中) safety precautions. the video gaming industry has ballooned in recent years. the los angeles times reports that the industry is in the midst of an intense increase in cash flow. in 2015, gaming produced $23.5 billion in domestic revenue. but sag-aftra says voice actors don’t receive residuals (追加酬金) for their gaming work. instead, they receive a fixed rate, which is typically about $825 for a standard four-hour vocal session. so the voice actors are pushing for the idea of secondary compensation — a performance bonus every time a game sells 2 million copies or downloads, or reaches 2 million subscribers, with a cap at 8 million. “it’s a very small number of games that would trigger this secondary compensation issue,” said voice actor crispin freeman, who’s a member of the union’s negotiating committee. “this is an important aspect of what it means to be a freelance (从事自由职业的) performer, who isn’t regularly employed every single day working on projects.” another major complaint from the actors is the secrecy of the industry. “i can’t imagine if there’s any other acting job in the world where you don’t know what show you’re in, when you’re hired,” says voice actor keythe farley, who chairs the sag-aftra negotiating committee. “and yet that happens every day in the video game world,” farley told reporters during a press conference friday. “i was a main character in fallout 4, a character by the name of kellogg, and i never knew that i was doing vocal recording for that game throughout the year and a half.” scott witlin, the lawyer representing the video game companies, says voice actors “represent less than one tenth of 1 percent of the work that goes into making a video game.” so “even though they’re the top craftsmen in their field,”witlin says, “if we pay them under a vastly different system than the people who do the 99.9 percent of the work, that’s going to create far more problems for the video game companies.” 18. what are the voice actors demanding? a、more regular employment. b、a non-discriminatory contract. c、extra pay based on sales revenues. d、a limit on the maximum work hours.
19、passage four questions 16 and 20 are based on the following passage. effective friday, screen actors guild-american federation of television and radio artists (sag-aftra) has declared a strike against 11 video game publishers over games that went into production after feb. 17, 2015. the companies include some of the heavyweights of the industry, like electronic arts productions, insomniac games, activision and disney. the strike comes in light of an unsuccessful 19 months of negotiations after the existing labor contract known as the interactive media agreement expired in late 2014. overall, the strike is an effort to provide more secondary compensation along with other concerns, such as transparency upon hiring talent and on-set (制作中) safety precautions. the video gaming industry has ballooned in recent years. the los angeles times reports that the industry is in the midst of an intense increase in cash flow. in 2015, gaming produced $23.5 billion in domestic revenue. but sag-aftra says voice actors don’t receive residuals (追加酬金) for their gaming work. instead, they receive a fixed rate, which is typically about $825 for a standard four-hour vocal session. so the voice actors are pushing for the idea of secondary compensation — a performance bonus every time a game sells 2 million copies or downloads, or reaches 2 million subscribers, with a cap at 8 million. “it’s a very small number of games that would trigger this secondary compensation issue,” said voice actor crispin freeman, who’s a member of the union’s negotiating committee. “this is an important aspect of what it means to be a freelance (从事自由职业的) performer, who isn’t regularly employed every single day working on projects.” another major complaint from the actors is the secrecy of the industry. “i can’t imagine if there’s any other acting job in the world where you don’t know what show you’re in, when you’re hired,” says voice actor keythe farley, who chairs the sag-aftra negotiating committee. “and yet that happens every day in the video game world,” farley told reporters during a press conference friday. “i was a main character in fallout 4, a character by the name of kellogg, and i never knew that i was doing vocal recording for that game throughout the year and a half.” scott witlin, the lawyer representing the video game companies, says voice actors “represent less than one tenth of 1 percent of the work that goes into making a video game.” so “even though they’re the top craftsmen in their field,”witlin says, “if we pay them under a vastly different system than the people who do the 99.9 percent of the work, that’s going to create far more problems for the video game companies.” 19. what does keythe farley say about voice actors? a、they are kept in the dark about many details of their job. b、they are discriminated against in the gaming industry. c、they are not paid on a regular basis. d、they are not employed full-time.
20、passage four questions 16 and 20 are based on the following passage. effective friday, screen actors guild-american federation of television and radio artists (sag-aftra) has declared a strike against 11 video game publishers over games that went into production after feb. 17, 2015. the companies include some of the heavyweights of the industry, like electronic arts productions, insomniac games, activision and disney. the strike comes in light of an unsuccessful 19 months of negotiations after the existing labor contract known as the interactive media agreement expired in late 2014. overall, the strike is an effort to provide more secondary compensation along with other concerns, such as transparency upon hiring talent and on-set (制作中) safety precautions. the video gaming industry has ballooned in recent years. the los angeles times reports that the industry is in the midst of an intense increase in cash flow. in 2015, gaming produced $23.5 billion in domestic revenue. but sag-aftra says voice actors don’t receive residuals (追加酬金) for their gaming work. instead, they receive a fixed rate, which is typically about $825 for a standard four-hour vocal session. so the voice actors are pushing for the idea of secondary compensation — a performance bonus every time a game sells 2 million copies or downloads, or reaches 2 million subscribers, with a cap at 8 million. “it’s a very small number of games that would trigger this secondary compensation issue,” said voice actor crispin freeman, who’s a member of the union’s negotiating committee. “this is an important aspect of what it means to be a freelance (从事自由职业的) performer, who isn’t regularly employed every single day working on projects.” another major complaint from the actors is the secrecy of the industry. “i can’t imagine if there’s any other acting job in the world where you don’t know what show you’re in, when you’re hired,” says voice actor keythe farley, who chairs the sag-aftra negotiating committee. “and yet that happens every day in the video game world,” farley told reporters during a press conference friday. “i was a main character in fallout 4, a character by the name of kellogg, and i never knew that i was doing vocal recording for that game throughout the year and a half.” scott witlin, the lawyer representing the video game companies, says voice actors “represent less than one tenth of 1 percent of the work that goes into making a video game.” so “even though they’re the top craftsmen in their field,”witlin says, “if we pay them under a vastly different system than the people who do the 99.9 percent of the work, that’s going to create far more problems for the video game companies.” 20. what is the argument of lawyer scott witlin? a、voice actors should have a pay raise if they prove to be top craftsmen. b、changing the pay system would cause the industry more problems. c、voice actors are mere craftsmen, not professional performers d、paying voice actors on an hourly basis is in line with the law.
6.10大学英语五期末考试
东南大学成贤学院大学英语五期末测试
1、1. the law requires equal treatment for all, race, religion, or sex. a、regardless of b、in spite with c、despite of d、no matter what is
2、2. when it comes to typing, nobody can her. a、hold a candle to b、give peace to c、order away d、make mention of
3、3. the power to declare war congress. a、resides in b、sinks into c、lives in gratitude to d、bows to
4、4. she speaks english without the slightest of an accent. a、trace b、breed c、association d、package
5、5. the bold act taken by the government will have effects on economy. a、dramatic b、chronic c、devoid d、ideal
6、6. this conclusion is the most explanation to the mystery of his death. a、compelling b、stubborn c、destructive d、recommended
7、7. the food is a(n) combination of german and french. a、intriguing b、intolerant c、arrogant d、eloquent
8、8. the commander his control over the soldiers by making them be quiet about the virus. a、asserted b、concealed c、dodged d、indulged
9、9. from the challenge, i could enhance my ______ and experience of tackling matters. a、capacity b、flexibility c、compromise d、impulse
10、10. why tell the child to behave in ways that ______ his natural desires? a、run counter to b、are not in the mood of c、pull away d、lay charges against
11、11. a of one two three one two three is characteristic of waltz. a、rhythm b、tick c、volume d、illustration
12、12. the country is facing a crisis since world war ii. a、unparalleled b、expressive c、illiterate d、adamant
13、13. the conservative party defeat as soon as the election results were known. a、conceded b、concealed c、allotted d、assailed
14、14. his with japan makes him the likely choice as ambassador to that country. a、intimacy b、accuracy c、process d、compromise
15、15. time never stops and anything is to be history. a、destined b、nonetheless c、contradictory d、exclusive
16、16. the two marching columns moved closer and finally together. a、merged b、eroded c、churned d、flanked
17、17. whales occasionally swim too close to shore and become in the shallow water. a、stranded b、engraved c、stayed on d、chased
18、18. in societies where family lives are decisively centered upon the wage system, it is not surprising that unemployment can have a(n) effect upon families. a、destructive b、respective c、expressive d、protective
19、19. in his first email the man who called himself johnson michael where he was from, nor did he disclose his contact number and address. a、made no mention of b、gave no peace to c、was caught in d、was stuck with
20、20. speaking at an international conference, dr. young pointed out that police officers should use force only and that the amount of force must be in proportion to the threat they encounter. a、as a last resort b、on legitimate ground c、something of a strain d、on impulse
21、passage one socrates gives us a basic insight into the nature of teaching when he compares the art of teaching to the ancient craft of the midwife. just as the midwife assists the body to give birth to new life, so the teacher assists the mind to deliver itself of ideas, knowledge, and understanding. the essential notion here is that teaching is a humble, helping art. the teacher does not produce knowledge or stuff ideas into an empty, passive mind. it is the learner, not the teacher, who is the active producer of knowledge and ideas. the ancients distinguish the skills of the physician and the farmer from those of the shoemaker and the house builder. aristotle calls medicine and agriculture cooperative arts, because they work with nature to achieve results that nature is able to produce by itself. shoes and houses would not exist unless men produced them; but the living body attains health without the intervention of doctors, and plants and animals grow without the aid of farmers. the skilled physician or farmer simply makes health or growth more certain and regular. teaching, like farming and healing, is a cooperative art which helps nature do what it can do itself — though not as well without it. we have all learned many things without the aid of a teacher. some exceptional individuals have acquired wide learning and deep insight with very little formal schooling. but for most of us the process of learning is made more certain and less painful when we have a teacher’s help. one basic aspect of teaching is not found in the other two cooperative arts that work with organic nature. teaching always involves a relation between the mind of one person and the mind of another. the teacher is not merely a talking book, a living phonograph record, broadcast to an unknown audience. he enters into a dialogue with his student. this dialogue goes far beyond more “talk”, for a good deal of what is taught is transmitted almost unconsciously in the personal interchange between teacher and student. we might get by with encyclopedias, phonograph records, and tv broadcasts if it were not for this intangible element, which is present in every good teacher-student relation. speaking simply and in the broadest sense, the teacher shows the student how to find out, evaluate, judge, and recognize the truth. he does not impose a fixed content of ideas and doctrines that the student must learn by rote. he teaches the student how to learn and think for himself. he encourages rather than suppresses a critical and intelligent response. the student’s response and growth is the only reward suitable for such a labor of love. teaching, the highest of the cooperative arts, is devoted to the good of others. it is an act of supreme generosity. st. augustine calls it the greatest act of charity. 21. socrates compares the art of teaching to the ancient craft of the midwife because ______. a、both the teacher and the midwife play a helping role b、the teacher delivers knowledge while the midwife delivers the baby c、both the body and the mind are of equal importance d、both teaching and midwifery are lowly professions
22、socrates gives us a basic insight into the nature of teaching when he compares the art of teaching to the ancient craft of the midwife. just as the midwife assists the body to give birth to new life, so the teacher assists the mind to deliver itself of ideas, knowledge, and understanding. the essential notion here is that teaching is a humble, helping art. the teacher does not produce knowledge or stuff ideas into an empty, passive mind. it is the learner, not the teacher, who is the active producer of knowledge and ideas. the ancients distinguish the skills of the physician and the farmer from those of the shoemaker and the house builder. aristotle calls medicine and agriculture cooperative arts, because they work with nature to achieve results that nature is able to produce by itself. shoes and houses would not exist unless men produced them; but the living body attains health without the intervention of doctors, and plants and animals grow without the aid of farmers. the skilled physician or farmer simply makes health or growth more certain and regular. teaching, like farming and healing, is a cooperative art which helps nature do what it can do itself — though not as well without it. we have all learned many things without the aid of a teacher. some exceptional individuals have acquired wide learning and deep insight with very little formal schooling. but for most of us the process of learning is made more certain and less painful when we have a teacher’s help. one basic aspect of teaching is not found in the other two cooperative arts that work with organic nature. teaching always involves a relation between the mind of one person and the mind of another. the teacher is not merely a talking book, a living phonograph record, broadcast to an unknown audience. he enters into a dialogue with his student. this dialogue goes far beyond more “talk”, for a good deal of what is taught is transmitted almost unconsciously in the personal interchange between teacher and student. we might get by with encyclopedias, phonograph records, and tv broadcasts if it were not for this intangible element, which is present in every good teacher-student relation. speaking simply and in the broadest sense, the teacher shows the student how to find out, evaluate, judge, and recognize the truth. he does not impose a fixed content of ideas and doctrines that the student must learn by rote. he teaches the student how to learn and think for himself. he encourages rather than suppresses a critical and intelligent response. the student’s response and growth is the only reward suitable for such a labor of love. teaching, the highest of the cooperative arts, is devoted to the good of others. it is an act of supreme generosity. st. augustine calls it the greatest act of charity. 22. the skills of the physician and the farmer differ from those of the shoemaker and the house builder in that ______. a、healing and farming need the cooperation of nature b、healing and farming play a more important role in society c、healing and farming demand greater skill d、healing and farming command more respect
23、passage one socrates gives us a basic insight into the nature of teaching when he compares the art of teaching to the ancient craft of the midwife. just as the midwife assists the body to give birth to new life, so the teacher assists the mind to deliver itself of ideas, knowledge, and understanding. the essential notion here is that teaching is a humble, helping art. the teacher does not produce knowledge or stuff ideas into an empty, passive mind. it is the learner, not the teacher, who is the active producer of knowledge and ideas. the ancients distinguish the skills of the physician and the farmer from those of the shoemaker and the house builder. aristotle calls medicine and agriculture cooperative arts, because they work with nature to achieve results that nature is able to produce by itself. shoes and houses would not exist unless men produced them; but the living body attains health without the intervention of doctors, and plants and animals grow without the aid of farmers. the skilled physician or farmer simply makes health or growth more certain and regular. teaching, like farming and healing, is a cooperative art which helps nature do what it can do itself — though not as well without it. we have all learned many things without the aid of a teacher. some exceptional individuals have acquired wide learning and deep insight with very little formal schooling. but for most of us the process of learning is made more certain and less painful when we have a teacher’s help. one basic aspect of teaching is not found in the other two cooperative arts that work with organic nature. teaching always involves a relation between the mind of one person and the mind of another. the teacher is not merely a talking book, a living phonograph record, broadcast to an unknown audience. he enters into a dialogue with his student. this dialogue goes far beyond more “talk”, for a good deal of what is taught is transmitted almost unconsciously in the personal interchange between teacher and student. we might get by with encyclopedias, phonograph records, and tv broadcasts if it were not for this intangible element, which is present in every good teacher-student relation. speaking simply and in the broadest sense, the teacher shows the student how to find out, evaluate, judge, and recognize the truth. he does not impose a fixed content of ideas and doctrines that the student must learn by rote. he teaches the student how to learn and think for himself. he encourages rather than suppresses a critical and intelligent response. the student’s response and growth is the only reward suitable for such a labor of love. teaching, the highest of the cooperative arts, is devoted to the good of others. it is an act of supreme generosity. st. augustine calls it the greatest act of charity. 23. the chief difference between a teacher and a farmer is that ______. a、teaching involves interaction between two minds b、farming involves working with organic nature c、teaching transmits knowledge which is intangible d、farming produces crops which are tangible
24、passage one socrates gives us a basic insight into the nature of teaching when he compares the art of teaching to the ancient craft of the midwife. just as the midwife assists the body to give birth to new life, so the teacher assists the mind to deliver itself of ideas, knowledge, and understanding. the essential notion here is that teaching is a humble, helping art. the teacher does not produce knowledge or stuff ideas into an empty, passive mind. it is the learner, not the teacher, who is the active producer of knowledge and ideas. the ancients distinguish the skills of the physician and the farmer from those of the shoemaker and the house builder. aristotle calls medicine and agriculture cooperative arts, because they work with nature to achieve results that nature is able to produce by itself. shoes and houses would not exist unless men produced them; but the living body attains health without the intervention of doctors, and plants and animals grow without the aid of farmers. the skilled physician or farmer simply makes health or growth more certain and regular. teaching, like farming and healing, is a cooperative art which helps nature do what it can do itself — though not as well without it. we have all learned many things without the aid of a teacher. some exceptional individuals have acquired wide learning and deep insight with very little formal schooling. but for most of us the process of learning is made more certain and less painful when we have a teacher’s help. one basic aspect of teaching is not found in the other two cooperative arts that work with organic nature. teaching always involves a relation between the mind of one person and the mind of another. the teacher is not merely a talking book, a living phonograph record, broadcast to an unknown audience. he enters into a dialogue with his student. this dialogue goes far beyond more “talk”, for a good deal of what is taught is transmitted almost unconsciously in the personal interchange between teacher and student. we might get by with encyclopedias, phonograph records, and tv broadcasts if it were not for this intangible element, which is present in every good teacher-student relation. speaking simply and in the broadest sense, the teacher shows the student how to find out, evaluate, judge, and recognize the truth. he does not impose a fixed content of ideas and doctrines that the student must learn by rote. he teaches the student how to learn and think for himself. he encourages rather than suppresses a critical and intelligent response. the student’s response and growth is the only reward suitable for such a labor of love. teaching, the highest of the cooperative arts, is devoted to the good of others. it is an act of supreme generosity. st. augustine calls it the greatest act of charity. 24. according to the passage the role of a teacher is ______. a、to encourage critical thinking in the student b、to make the student memorize what he teaches c、to impose his ideas and doctrines on the student d、to evaluate, judge, and recognize the truth
25、socrates gives us a basic insight into the nature of teaching when he compares the art of teaching to the ancient craft of the midwife. just as the midwife assists the body to give birth to new life, so the teacher assists the mind to deliver itself of ideas, knowledge, and understanding. the essential notion here is that teaching is a humble, helping art. the teacher does not produce knowledge or stuff ideas into an empty, passive mind. it is the learner, not the teacher, who is the active producer of knowledge and ideas. the ancients distinguish the skills of the physician and the farmer from those of the shoemaker and the house builder. aristotle calls medicine and agriculture cooperative arts, because they work with nature to achieve results that nature is able to produce by itself. shoes and houses would not exist unless men produced them; but the living body attains health without the intervention of doctors, and plants and animals grow without the aid of farmers. the skilled physician or farmer simply makes health or growth more certain and regular. teaching, like farming and healing, is a cooperative art which helps nature do what it can do itself — though not as well without it. we have all learned many things without the aid of a teacher. some exceptional individuals have acquired wide learning and deep insight with very little formal schooling. but for most of us the process of learning is made more certain and less painful when we have a teacher’s help. one basic aspect of teaching is not found in the other two cooperative arts that work with organic nature. teaching always involves a relation between the mind of one person and the mind of another. the teacher is not merely a talking book, a living phonograph record, broadcast to an unknown audience. he enters into a dialogue with his student. this dialogue goes far beyond more “talk”, for a good deal of what is taught is transmitted almost unconsciously in the personal interchange between teacher and student. we might get by with encyclopedias, phonograph records, and tv broadcasts if it were not for this intangible element, which is present in every good teacher-student relation. speaking simply and in the broadest sense, the teacher shows the student how to find out, evaluate, judge, and recognize the truth. he does not impose a fixed content of ideas and doctrines that the student must learn by rote. he teaches the student how to learn and think for himself. he encourages rather than suppresses a critical and intelligent response. the student’s response and growth is the only reward suitable for such a labor of love. teaching, the highest of the cooperative arts, is devoted to the good of others. it is an act of supreme generosity. st. augustine calls it the greatest act of charity. 25. why did st. augustine call teaching the greatest act of charity? a、its reward lies in the growth of others. b、it is the highest form of cooperative art. c、it is a labor of love. d、its results are intangible.
26、passage two after years’ of being hung up because of the spendings far outweighing profits, deep sea mining is now emerging as a serious threat to the stability of ocean systems and processes that have yet to be understood well enough to punish in good conscience their large-scale destruction. key to assessing what is at risk are technologies needed to access the deep sea. the mining company, nautilus minerals, has invested heavily in mining machinery. however, resources needed for independent scientific evaluation at those depths are essentially non-existent. the role of life in the deep sea relating to the carbon cycle is vaguely understood, and the influence of the microbial (微生物的) systems (only recently discovered) and the diverse ecosystems in the water column and sea bed have yet to be thoughtfully analyzed. the principle of exploiting minerals in the deep sea is based on their perceived current monetary value. the living systems that will be destroyed are perceived to have no monetary value. will decisions about use of the natural world continue to be based on the financial advantage for a small number of people despite risks to systems that maintain planetary stability — systems that support human survival? the iucn (international union for conservation of nature) world conservation congress helps set in motion some significant and very timely actions that could help blunt the sharp edge of enthusiasm for dividing up the deep ocean. whatever it takes, there must be ways to elevate recognition of the critical importance of intact natural systems. we need technologies to access the deep sea to independently explore and understand the nature of earth’s largest living system. but most importantly, we need the will to challenge and change the attitudes, traditions and policies about the natural world that have driven us to burn through the assets as if there is no tomorrow. this “as if” can be a reality — or not — depending on what we do now. or what we fail to do. however, there is undeniably cause for hope: there is still time to choose. 26. what do we learn about deep sea mining? a、deep sea mining has posed a serious threat to ocean systems. b、deep sea mining has generated great benefits to our life. c、cost-effective technology for deep sea mining has been developed. d、a perfect penalty system for deep sea mining has been established.
27、passage two after years’ of being hung up because of the spendings far outweighing profits, deep sea mining is now emerging as a serious threat to the stability of ocean systems and processes that have yet to be understood well enough to punish in good conscience their large-scale destruction. key to assessing what is at risk are technologies needed to access the deep sea. the mining company, nautilus minerals, has invested heavily in mining machinery. however, resources needed for independent scientific evaluation at those depths are essentially non-existent. the role of life in the deep sea relating to the carbon cycle is vaguely understood, and the influence of the microbial (微生物的) systems (only recently discovered) and the diverse ecosystems in the water column and sea bed have yet to be thoughtfully analyzed. the principle of exploiting minerals in the deep sea is based on their perceived current monetary value. the living systems that will be destroyed are perceived to have no monetary value. will decisions about use of the natural world continue to be based on the financial advantage for a small number of people despite risks to systems that maintain planetary stability — systems that support human survival? the iucn (international union for conservation of nature) world conservation congress helps set in motion some significant and very timely actions that could help blunt the sharp edge of enthusiasm for dividing up the deep ocean. whatever it takes, there must be ways to elevate recognition of the critical importance of intact natural systems. we need technologies to access the deep sea to independently explore and understand the nature of earth’s largest living system. but most importantly, we need the will to challenge and change the attitudes, traditions and policies about the natural world that have driven us to burn through the assets as if there is no tomorrow. this “as if” can be a reality — or not — depending on what we do now. or what we fail to do. however, there is undeniably cause for hope: there is still time to choose. 27. what has nautilus minerals done with deep sea mining? a、it has made great investment in the mining machines. b、it has initiated the scientific exploration of the deep sea. c、it has made critical contributions to the deep sea assessment. d、it has put some energy into analyzing the deep sea ecosystem.
28、passage two after years’ of being hung up because of the spendings far outweighing profits, deep sea mining is now emerging as a serious threat to the stability of ocean systems and processes that have yet to be understood well enough to punish in good conscience their large-scale destruction. key to assessing what is at risk are technologies needed to access the deep sea. the mining company, nautilus minerals, has invested heavily in mining machinery. however, resources needed for independent scientific evaluation at those depths are essentially non-existent. the role of life in the deep sea relating to the carbon cycle is vaguely understood, and the influence of the microbial (微生物的) systems (only recently discovered) and the diverse ecosystems in the water column and sea bed have yet to be thoughtfully analyzed. the principle of exploiting minerals in the deep sea is based on their perceived current monetary value. the living systems that will be destroyed are perceived to have no monetary value. will decisions about use of the natural world continue to be based on the financial advantage for a small number of people despite risks to systems that maintain planetary stability — systems that support human survival? the iucn (international union for conservation of nature) world conservation congress helps set in motion some significant and very timely actions that could help blunt the sharp edge of enthusiasm for dividing up the deep ocean. whatever it takes, there must be ways to elevate recognition of the critical importance of intact natural systems. we need technologies to access the deep sea to independently explore and understand the nature of earth’s largest living system. but most importantly, we need the will to challenge and change the attitudes, traditions and policies about the natural world that have driven us to burn through the assets as if there is no tomorrow. this “as if” can be a reality — or not — depending on what we do now. or what we fail to do. however, there is undeniably cause for hope: there is still time to choose. 28. what is the main motivation for the mineral exploitation in the deep sea? a、economic interest. b、scientific value. c、curiosity of the ocean. d、geological exploration.
29、passage two after years’ of being hung up because of the spendings far outweighing profits, deep sea mining is now emerging as a serious threat to the stability of ocean systems and processes that have yet to be understood well enough to punish in good conscience their large-scale destruction. key to assessing what is at risk are technologies needed to access the deep sea. the mining company, nautilus minerals, has invested heavily in mining machinery. however, resources needed for independent scientific evaluation at those depths are essentially non-existent. the role of life in the deep sea relating to the carbon cycle is vaguely understood, and the influence of the microbial (微生物的) systems (only recently discovered) and the diverse ecosystems in the water column and sea bed have yet to be thoughtfully analyzed. the principle of exploiting minerals in the deep sea is based on their perceived current monetary value. the living systems that will be destroyed are perceived to have no monetary value. will decisions about use of the natural world continue to be based on the financial advantage for a small number of people despite risks to systems that maintain planetary stability — systems that support human survival? the iucn (international union for conservation of nature) world conservation congress helps set in motion some significant and very timely actions that could help blunt the sharp edge of enthusiasm for dividing up the deep ocean. whatever it takes, there must be ways to elevate recognition of the critical importance of intact natural systems. we need technologies to access the deep sea to independently explore and understand the nature of earth’s largest living system. but most importantly, we need the will to challenge and change the attitudes, traditions and policies about the natural world that have driven us to burn through the assets as if there is no tomorrow. this “as if” can be a reality — or not — depending on what we do now. or what we fail to do. however, there is undeniably cause for hope: there is still time to choose. 29. what does the author mean by saying “blunt the sharp edge of enthusiasm” (para. 4)? a、cool down the craze of deep sea exploitation. b、solve the conflicts among deep sea miners. c、put a stop to the deep sea mining projects. d、recognize the enthusiasm towards the ocean.
30、passage two after years’ of being hung up because of the spendings far outweighing profits, deep sea mining is now emerging as a serious threat to the stability of ocean systems and processes that have yet to be understood well enough to punish in good conscience their large-scale destruction. key to assessing what is at risk are technologies needed to access the deep sea. the mining company, nautilus minerals, has invested heavily in mining machinery. however, resources needed for independent scientific evaluation at those depths are essentially non-existent. the role of life in the deep sea relating to the carbon cycle is vaguely understood, and the influence of the microbial (微生物的) systems (only recently discovered) and the diverse ecosystems in the water column and sea bed have yet to be thoughtfully analyzed. the principle of exploiting minerals in the deep sea is based on their perceived current monetary value. the living systems that will be destroyed are perceived to have no monetary value. will decisions about use of the natural world continue to be based on the financial advantage for a small number of people despite risks to systems that maintain planetary stability — systems that support human survival? the iucn (international union for conservation of nature) world conservation congress helps set in motion some significant and very timely actions that could help blunt the sharp edge of enthusiasm for dividing up the deep ocean. whatever it takes, there must be ways to elevate recognition of the critical importance of intact natural systems. we need technologies to access the deep sea to independently explore and understand the nature of earth’s largest living system. but most importantly, we need the will to challenge and change the attitudes, traditions and policies about the natural world that have driven us to burn through the assets as if there is no tomorrow. this “as if” can be a reality — or not — depending on what we do now. or what we fail to do. however, there is undeniably cause for hope: there is still time to choose. 30. what is the author’s attitude toward deep sea mining? a、objective. b、pessimistic. c、suspicious. d、indifferent.
31、passage three since software piracy (盗版) is an international issue, it’s possible that politics play a role as well. according to the bsa, the united states experiences a lower rate of software piracy than other nations. the united states also produces much of the software used throughout the world. citizens of some countries may feel that it’s permissible to steal software because it’s a product of a large, wealthy nation that’s already a dominant power in the world. others may steal software with a sense of nationalistic pride — if their culture views the united states in a negative light, stealing from the country may seem like a good thing. psychologists at the university of notre dame suggest that the computer creates a “psychological distance” between the pirate and his or her victim. the computer appears to act like an ethical filter. the act of piracy doesn’t seem to carry with it any consequences. the pirate doesn’t see the harm in his or her actions and the likelihood of getting caught is low. the nature of the internet seems to play a part, too. it’s easy to access pirated software. the internet also gives users a sense of anonymity (匿名), which in turn can reduce a person’s sense of accountability (责任). when given the chance to grab something valuable for nothing with little to no risk of being caught, it’s easy to understand why some people will pirate software. 31. what does this passage mainly talk about? a、the software piracy and the reasons. b、the united states and other countries. c、the cultural factors and software piracy. d、the economy and software piracy.
32、passage three since software piracy (盗版) is an international issue, it’s possible that politics play a role as well. according to the bsa, the united states experiences a lower rate of software piracy than other nations. the united states also produces much of the software used throughout the world. citizens of some countries may feel that it’s permissible to steal software because it’s a product of a large, wealthy nation that’s already a dominant power in the world. others may steal software with a sense of nationalistic pride — if their culture views the united states in a negative light, stealing from the country may seem like a good thing. psychologists at the university of notre dame suggest that the computer creates a “psychological distance” between the pirate and his or her victim. the computer appears to act like an ethical filter. the act of piracy doesn’t seem to carry with it any consequences. the pirate doesn’t see the harm in his or her actions and the likelihood of getting caught is low. the nature of the internet seems to play a part, too. it’s easy to access pirated software. the internet also gives users a sense of anonymity (匿名), which in turn can reduce a person’s sense of accountability (责任). when given the chance to grab something valuable for nothing with little to no risk of being caught, it’s easy to understand why some people will pirate software. 32. the author holds the ______ attitude towards the people who steal software produced in the united states. a、neutral b、critical c、permissible d、positive
33、passage three since software piracy (盗版) is an international issue, it’s possible that politics play a role as well. according to the bsa, the united states experiences a lower rate of software piracy than other nations. the united states also produces much of the software used throughout the world. citizens of some countries may feel that it’s permissible to steal software because it’s a product of a large, wealthy nation that’s already a dominant power in the world. others may steal software with a sense of nationalistic pride — if their culture views the united states in a negative light, stealing from the country may seem like a good thing. psychologists at the university of notre dame suggest that the computer creates a “psychological distance” between the pirate and his or her victim. the computer appears to act like an ethical filter. the act of piracy doesn’t seem to carry with it any consequences. the pirate doesn’t see the harm in his or her actions and the likelihood of getting caught is low. the nature of the internet seems to play a part, too. it’s easy to access pirated software. the internet also gives users a sense of anonymity (匿名), which in turn can reduce a person’s sense of accountability (责任). when given the chance to grab something valuable for nothing with little to no risk of being caught, it’s easy to understand why some people will pirate software. 33. which of the following is not one possible reason for the citizens of some countries to pirate software produced in the united states? a、the people think it is absolutely safe to pirate software. b、the people regard the us as an enemy. c、the people think the us is wealthy. d、the people think the behavior is good to their own countries.
34、passage three since software piracy (盗版) is an international issue, it’s possible that politics play a role as well. according to the bsa, the united states experiences a lower rate of software piracy than other nations. the united states also produces much of the software used throughout the world. citizens of some countries may feel that it’s permissible to steal software because it’s a product of a large, wealthy nation that’s already a dominant power in the world. others may steal software with a sense of nationalistic pride — if their culture views the united states in a negative light, stealing from the country may seem like a good thing. psychologists at the university of notre dame suggest that the computer creates a “psychological distance” between the pirate and his or her victim. the computer appears to act like an ethical filter. the act of piracy doesn’t seem to carry with it any consequences. the pirate doesn’t see the harm in his or her actions and the likelihood of getting caught is low. the nature of the internet seems to play a part, too. it’s easy to access pirated software. the internet also gives users a sense of anonymity (匿名), which in turn can reduce a person’s sense of accountability (责任). when given the chance to grab something valuable for nothing with little to no risk of being caught, it’s easy to understand why some people will pirate software. 34. the “psychological distance” in the second paragraph means ______. a、the pirated software users’ subjective thinking about the consequences of piracy b、the possibility of being caught for using pirated software c、the relationship between the people involved in piracy and the victims d、how the pirated software users think of the victims
35、passage three since software piracy (盗版) is an international issue, it’s possible that politics play a role as well. according to the bsa, the united states experiences a lower rate of software piracy than other nations. the united states also produces much of the software used throughout the world. citizens of some countries may feel that it’s permissible to steal software because it’s a product of a large, wealthy nation that’s already a dominant power in the world. others may steal software with a sense of nationalistic pride — if their culture views the united states in a negative light, stealing from the country may seem like a good thing. psychologists at the university of notre dame suggest that the computer creates a “psychological distance” between the pirate and his or her victim. the computer appears to act like an ethical filter. the act of piracy doesn’t seem to carry with it any consequences. the pirate doesn’t see the harm in his or her actions and the likelihood of getting caught is low. the nature of the internet seems to play a part, too. it’s easy to access pirated software. the internet also gives users a sense of anonymity (匿名), which in turn can reduce a person’s sense of accountability (责任). when given the chance to grab something valuable for nothing with little to no risk of being caught, it’s easy to understand why some people will pirate software. 35. how does the internet contribute to the software piracy according to this passage? a、the internet makes people feel safe. b、the internet needn’t obey the 凯发天生赢家一触即发官网 copyright law. c、the internet can ensure the success of piracy. d、the internet is the only channel for stealing software.
36、directions: decide whether the following statements are true (t) or false (f) based on the lectures given on the understanding of texts you learned. 1. luckily, the author eudora welty was born in a rich family, so she could own quite a lot books in her childhood.
37、directions: decide whether the following statements are true (t) or false (f) based on the lectures given on the understanding of texts you learned. 2. eudora welty can really hear a voice when she reads or writes and she believes that this is the case with all readers and writers.
38、directions: decide whether the following statements are true (t) or false (f) based on the lectures given on the understanding of texts you learned. 3. it has been generally accepted that today’s factory-farmed animals live short, miserable and unnatural lives.
39、directions: decide whether the following statements are true (t) or false (f) based on the lectures given on the understanding of texts you learned. 4. jim knows his best friend mike’s affair and lies to mike’s wife. he is telling a protective lie.
40、directions: decide whether the following statements are true (t) or false (f) based on the lectures given on the understanding of texts you learned. 5. the author feels that truly successful marriages nowadays are hard to come by.