中国大学mooc大学英语四最新考试答案-凯发k8天生赢家

大学英语四模拟考试

18级大学英语四模拟考试

1、to some extent, novelists are best poised to understand globalization. the free flow of products, talents, and information has created some similar life experience. multinational chains connect metropolis. people enjoy the same latte of starbucks across the oceans and seas. new macbook models are showcased in all apple stores. amazon and netflix revolutionized publication and tv industry. car makers of japan dominate north america, dwarfing local giants like ford or ge. on the other hand, the gospel of prosperity does not benefit the world evenly. while the well-to-dos enjoy a luxurious and convenient life, the have-nots are deprived of future, opportunities, and even their identities. new technologies and trade bring new jobs but also smashing old ones. demographic changes and culture diversification threaten social coherence in many nations. immigration and refugees ignite populist backlashes among developed countries. those phenomena appear to be new challenges of this millennia. however, one century ago, joseph conrad had already prophesied a world like ours. in his fiction heart of darkness, he revealed some most profound contradictions of modernization and globalization. the western colonists in this novel portrayed themselves as messengers of civilization. one of them was once an idealist believing in spreading science and trade all across africa. somehow he becomes disillusioned and corrupted by his power and ambition. he became a tyrant, ruling local african natives. the metaphors of heart of darkness will not be outdated. today we seem to live in a whole new world, actually, we just enter the world conrad has described hundred years ago. i always believe that one could have eyes of “novelist” without writing a single fiction. what are the eyes of the novelist? for me, it means the power to reconstruct the reality with words. a novelist is a lifelong liar, he creates the time that doesn’t exist, he reveals worlds unknown to other people, and he envisions futures yet to come. historians record past catastrophes with saddened hearts. alarmed economists predict the possible future crisis. compared to them, novelists have some unique advantages. for novelists’ eyes have traveled beyond time and space, standing in the border between past and future. that border is the rift of change. nearly everyone fears to be consumed by this black hole while novelists are gazing at it joyfully. like george eliot once claimed: “we all remember epochs in our experience when some dear expectation dies, or some new motive was born.” i believe that in this era of globalization, we need the eyes of novelist more than ever. we should pioneer the new possibilities offered by innovations while keeping an eye on those left behind. we should explore new places while staying humbled and curious. only when we learn to observe things like outsiders, like a novelist, we can understand the past and embrace the future. 1. how can we create similar life experience according to this passage?
    a、through purchasing the same latte of starbucks overseas.
    b、through driving cars of local giants like ford or ge.
    c、through sharing goods, knowledge and talents.
    d、through displaying the same products in all stores.

2、to some extent, novelists are best poised to understand globalization. the free flow of products, talents, and information has created some similar life experience. multinational chains connect metropolis. people enjoy the same latte of starbucks across the oceans and seas. new macbook models are showcased in all apple stores. amazon and netflix revolutionized publication and tv industry. car makers of japan dominate north america, dwarfing local giants like ford or ge. on the other hand, the gospel of prosperity does not benefit the world evenly. while the well-to-dos enjoy a luxurious and convenient life, the have-nots are deprived of future, opportunities, and even their identities. new technologies and trade bring new jobs but also smashing old ones. demographic changes and culture diversification threaten social coherence in many nations. immigration and refugees ignite populist backlashes among developed countries. those phenomena appear to be new challenges of this millennia. however, one century ago, joseph conrad had already prophesied a world like ours. in his fiction heart of darkness, he revealed some most profound contradictions of modernization and globalization. the western colonists in this novel portrayed themselves as messengers of civilization. one of them was once an idealist believing in spreading science and trade all across africa. somehow he becomes disillusioned and corrupted by his power and ambition. he became a tyrant, ruling local african natives. the metaphors of heart of darkness will not be outdated. today we seem to live in a whole new world, actually, we just enter the world conrad has described hundred years ago. i always believe that one could have eyes of “novelist” without writing a single fiction. what are the eyes of the novelist? for me, it means the power to reconstruct the reality with words. a novelist is a lifelong liar, he creates the time that doesn’t exist, he reveals worlds unknown to other people, and he envisions futures yet to come. historians record past catastrophes with saddened hearts. alarmed economists predict the possible future crisis. compared to them, novelists have some unique advantages. for novelists’ eyes have traveled beyond time and space, standing in the border between past and future. that border is the rift of change. nearly everyone fears to be consumed by this black hole while novelists are gazing at it joyfully. like george eliot once claimed: “we all remember epochs in our experience when some dear expectation dies, or some new motive was born.” i believe that in this era of globalization, we need the eyes of novelist more than ever. we should pioneer the new possibilities offered by innovations while keeping an eye on those left behind. we should explore new places while staying humbled and curious. only when we learn to observe things like outsiders, like a novelist, we can understand the past and embrace the future. which of the following cannot reflect the uneven benefits of prosperity?
    a、the rich enjoy convenient life while the poor don’t.
    b、social cohesion is affected by cultural and demographic changes.
    c、as new technologies developing, new jobs keep coming while old ones keep dying.
    d、immigrants and refugees join populist party in developed countries.

3、to some extent, novelists are best poised to understand globalization. the free flow of products, talents, and information has created some similar life experience. multinational chains connect metropolis. people enjoy the same latte of starbucks across the oceans and seas. new macbook models are showcased in all apple stores. amazon and netflix revolutionized publication and tv industry. car makers of japan dominate north america, dwarfing local giants like ford or ge. on the other hand, the gospel of prosperity does not benefit the world evenly. while the well-to-dos enjoy a luxurious and convenient life, the have-nots are deprived of future, opportunities, and even their identities. new technologies and trade bring new jobs but also smashing old ones. demographic changes and culture diversification threaten social coherence in many nations. immigration and refugees ignite populist backlashes among developed countries. those phenomena appear to be new challenges of this millennia. however, one century ago, joseph conrad had already prophesied a world like ours. in his fiction heart of darkness, he revealed some most profound contradictions of modernization and globalization. the western colonists in this novel portrayed themselves as messengers of civilization. one of them was once an idealist believing in spreading science and trade all across africa. somehow he becomes disillusioned and corrupted by his power and ambition. he became a tyrant, ruling local african natives. the metaphors of heart of darkness will not be outdated. today we seem to live in a whole new world, actually, we just enter the world conrad has described hundred years ago. i always believe that one could have eyes of “novelist” without writing a single fiction. what are the eyes of the novelist? for me, it means the power to reconstruct the reality with words. a novelist is a lifelong liar, he creates the time that doesn’t exist, he reveals worlds unknown to other people, and he envisions futures yet to come. historians record past catastrophes with saddened hearts. alarmed economists predict the possible future crisis. compared to them, novelists have some unique advantages. for novelists’ eyes have traveled beyond time and space, standing in the border between past and future. that border is the rift of change. nearly everyone fears to be consumed by this black hole while novelists are gazing at it joyfully. like george eliot once claimed: “we all remember epochs in our experience when some dear expectation dies, or some new motive was born.” i believe that in this era of globalization, we need the eyes of novelist more than ever. we should pioneer the new possibilities offered by innovations while keeping an eye on those left behind. we should explore new places while staying humbled and curious. only when we learn to observe things like outsiders, like a novelist, we can understand the past and embrace the future. what did novelist conrad foretell one century ago?
    a、globalization and modernization were two irreconcilable contradictory subjects.
    b、western colonists were messengers of civilization.
    c、western colonists would spread science and trade across africa.
    d、corruption and disillusionment stemmed from human ambition.

4、to some extent, novelists are best poised to understand globalization. the free flow of products, talents, and information has created some similar life experience. multinational chains connect metropolis. people enjoy the same latte of starbucks across the oceans and seas. new macbook models are showcased in all apple stores. amazon and netflix revolutionized publication and tv industry. car makers of japan dominate north america, dwarfing local giants like ford or ge. on the other hand, the gospel of prosperity does not benefit the world evenly. while the well-to-dos enjoy a luxurious and convenient life, the have-nots are deprived of future, opportunities, and even their identities. new technologies and trade bring new jobs but also smashing old ones. demographic changes and culture diversification threaten social coherence in many nations. immigration and refugees ignite populist backlashes among developed countries. those phenomena appear to be new challenges of this millennia. however, one century ago, joseph conrad had already prophesied a world like ours. in his fiction heart of darkness, he revealed some most profound contradictions of modernization and globalization. the western colonists in this novel portrayed themselves as messengers of civilization. one of them was once an idealist believing in spreading science and trade all across africa. somehow he becomes disillusioned and corrupted by his power and ambition. he became a tyrant, ruling local african natives. the metaphors of heart of darkness will not be outdated. today we seem to live in a whole new world, actually, we just enter the world conrad has described hundred years ago. i always believe that one could have eyes of “novelist” without writing a single fiction. what are the eyes of the novelist? for me, it means the power to reconstruct the reality with words. a novelist is a lifelong liar, he creates the time that doesn’t exist, he reveals worlds unknown to other people, and he envisions futures yet to come. historians record past catastrophes with saddened hearts. alarmed economists predict the possible future crisis. compared to them, novelists have some unique advantages. for novelists’ eyes have traveled beyond time and space, standing in the border between past and future. that border is the rift of change. nearly everyone fears to be consumed by this black hole while novelists are gazing at it joyfully. like george eliot once claimed: “we all remember epochs in our experience when some dear expectation dies, or some new motive was born.” i believe that in this era of globalization, we need the eyes of novelist more than ever. we should pioneer the new possibilities offered by innovations while keeping an eye on those left behind. we should explore new places while staying humbled and curious. only when we learn to observe things like outsiders, like a novelist, we can understand the past and embrace the future. what do we know about conrad’s novel according to this passage?
    a、the hero was a local african native.
    b、power and ambition resulted in corruption.
    c、the western colonists were civilized people in this novel.
    d、the world in the novel mirrored our real world.

5、to some extent, novelists are best poised to understand globalization. the free flow of products, talents, and information has created some similar life experience. multinational chains connect metropolis. people enjoy the same latte of starbucks across the oceans and seas. new macbook models are showcased in all apple stores. amazon and netflix revolutionized publication and tv industry. car makers of japan dominate north america, dwarfing local giants like ford or ge. on the other hand, the gospel of prosperity does not benefit the world evenly. while the well-to-dos enjoy a luxurious and convenient life, the have-nots are deprived of future, opportunities, and even their identities. new technologies and trade bring new jobs but also smashing old ones. demographic changes and culture diversification threaten social coherence in many nations. immigration and refugees ignite populist backlashes among developed countries. those phenomena appear to be new challenges of this millennia. however, one century ago, joseph conrad had already prophesied a world like ours. in his fiction heart of darkness, he revealed some most profound contradictions of modernization and globalization. the western colonists in this novel portrayed themselves as messengers of civilization. one of them was once an idealist believing in spreading science and trade all across africa. somehow he becomes disillusioned and corrupted by his power and ambition. he became a tyrant, ruling local african natives. the metaphors of heart of darkness will not be outdated. today we seem to live in a whole new world, actually, we just enter the world conrad has described hundred years ago. i always believe that one could have eyes of “novelist” without writing a single fiction. what are the eyes of the novelist? for me, it means the power to reconstruct the reality with words. a novelist is a lifelong liar, he creates the time that doesn’t exist, he reveals worlds unknown to other people, and he envisions futures yet to come. historians record past catastrophes with saddened hearts. alarmed economists predict the possible future crisis. compared to them, novelists have some unique advantages. for novelists’ eyes have traveled beyond time and space, standing in the border between past and future. that border is the rift of change. nearly everyone fears to be consumed by this black hole while novelists are gazing at it joyfully. like george eliot once claimed: “we all remember epochs in our experience when some dear expectation dies, or some new motive was born.” i believe that in this era of globalization, we need the eyes of novelist more than ever. we should pioneer the new possibilities offered by innovations while keeping an eye on those left behind. we should explore new places while staying humbled and curious. only when we learn to observe things like outsiders, like a novelist, we can understand the past and embrace the future. what can we conclude from this passage?
    a、historians have always feared of a repeat of past suffering.
    b、economists can predict the future.
    c、human beings fear to face the unknown world and challenges.
    d、novelists look at the past and future from the perspective of outsiders.

6、the brain is a seemingly endless library, whose shelves house our most precious memories as well as our lifetime’s knowledge. but is there a point where it reaches capacity. the answer is no, because brains are more sophisticated than that. instead of just crowding in, old information is sometimes pushed out of the brain for new memories to form. precious behavioral studies have shown that learning new information can lead to forgetting. but in a new study, researchers demonstrated for the first time how this effect occurs in the brain. in daily life, forgetting actually has clear advantages. imagine, for instance, that just lost your bank card. the new card you receive will come with a new personal identification number(pin). each time you remember the new pin, you gradually forget the old one. this process improves access to the relevant information, without old memories interfering. and most of us may sometimes feel the frustration of having old memories interfere with new, relevant memories. consider trying to remember where you parked your car in the same car park you were at a week earlier. this type of memory (where you are trying to remember new, but similar information) is particularly vulnerable to interference. when we acquire new information, the main automatically tries to incorporate(合并) it within existing information by forming associations. and when we retrieve(检索) information, both the desired and associated but irrelevant information is recalled. the majority of previous research has focused on how we learn and remember new information. but current studies are beginning to place greater emphasis on the conditions under which we forget, and its importance begins to be more appreciated. a very small number of people are able to remember almost every detail of their life. while it may sound like an advantage to many, people with this rare condition often find their unusual ability burdensome. in a sense, forgetting is our brain’s way of sorting memories, so the most relevant memories are ready for retrieval. normal forgetting may even be a safety mechanism to ensure our brain doesn’t become too full. 6. what have past behavioral studies found about our brain?
    a、its capacity actually knows no limits.
    b、it grows sophisticated with practice.
    c、it keeps our most precious memories until life’s end.
    d、new information learned pushes old information out.

7、the brain is a seemingly endless library, whose shelves house our most precious memories as well as our lifetime’s knowledge. but is there a point where it reaches capacity. the answer is no, because brains are more sophisticated than that. instead of just crowding in, old information is sometimes pushed out of the brain for new memories to form. precious behavioral studies have shown that learning new information can lead to forgetting. but in a new study, researchers demonstrated for the first time how this effect occurs in the brain. in daily life, forgetting actually has clear advantages. imagine, for instance, that just lost your bank card. the new card you receive will come with a new personal identification number(pin). each time you remember the new pin, you gradually forget the old one. this process improves access to the relevant information, without old memories interfering. and most of us may sometimes feel the frustration of having old memories interfere with new, relevant memories. consider trying to remember where you parked your car in the same car park you were at a week earlier. this type of memory (where you are trying to remember new, but similar information) is particularly vulnerable to interference. when we acquire new information, the main automatically tries to incorporate(合并) it within existing information by forming associations. and when we retrieve(检索) information, both the desired and associated but irrelevant information is recalled. the majority of previous research has focused on how we learn and remember new information. but current studies are beginning to place greater emphasis on the conditions under which we forget, and its importance begins to be more appreciated. a very small number of people are able to remember almost every detail of their life. while it may sound like an advantage to many, people with this rare condition often find their unusual ability burdensome. in a sense, forgetting is our brain’s way of sorting memories, so the most relevant memories are ready for retrieval. normal forgetting may even be a safety mechanism to ensure our brain doesn’t become too full. what is the benefit of forgetting?
    a、it frees us from painful memories.
    b、it helps slow down our aging process.
    c、it facilities our access to relevant information
    d、it prevents old information from forming associations.

8、the brain is a seemingly endless library, whose shelves house our most precious memories as well as our lifetime’s knowledge. but is there a point where it reaches capacity. the answer is no, because brains are more sophisticated than that. instead of just crowding in, old information is sometimes pushed out of the brain for new memories to form. precious behavioral studies have shown that learning new information can lead to forgetting. but in a new study, researchers demonstrated for the first time how this effect occurs in the brain. in daily life, forgetting actually has clear advantages. imagine, for instance, that just lost your bank card. the new card you receive will come with a new personal identification number(pin). each time you remember the new pin, you gradually forget the old one. this process improves access to the relevant information, without old memories interfering. and most of us may sometimes feel the frustration of having old memories interfere with new, relevant memories. consider trying to remember where you parked your car in the same car park you were at a week earlier. this type of memory (where you are trying to remember new, but similar information) is particularly vulnerable to interference. when we acquire new information, the main automatically tries to incorporate(合并) it within existing information by forming associations. and when we retrieve(检索) information, both the desired and associated but irrelevant information is recalled. the majority of previous research has focused on how we learn and remember new information. but current studies are beginning to place greater emphasis on the conditions under which we forget, and its importance begins to be more appreciated. a very small number of people are able to remember almost every detail of their life. while it may sound like an advantage to many, people with this rare condition often find their unusual ability burdensome. in a sense, forgetting is our brain’s way of sorting memories, so the most relevant memories are ready for retrieval. normal forgetting may even be a safety mechanism to ensure our brain doesn’t become too full. what is the emphasis of current studies of memory?
    a、when people tend to forget.
    b、what contributes to forgetting.
    c、how new technology hinders memory capacity.
    d、why learning and forgetting are complementary.

9、the brain is a seemingly endless library, whose shelves house our most precious memories as well as our lifetime’s knowledge. but is there a point where it reaches capacity. the answer is no, because brains are more sophisticated than that. instead of just crowding in, old information is sometimes pushed out of the brain for new memories to form. precious behavioral studies have shown that learning new information can lead to forgetting. but in a new study, researchers demonstrated for the first time how this effect occurs in the brain. in daily life, forgetting actually has clear advantages. imagine, for instance, that just lost your bank card. the new card you receive will come with a new personal identification number(pin). each time you remember the new pin, you gradually forget the old one. this process improves access to the relevant information, without old memories interfering. and most of us may sometimes feel the frustration of having old memories interfere with new, relevant memories. consider trying to remember where you parked your car in the same car park you were at a week earlier. this type of memory (where you are trying to remember new, but similar information) is particularly vulnerable to interference. when we acquire new information, the main automatically tries to incorporate(合并) it within existing information by forming associations. and when we retrieve(检索) information, both the desired and associated but irrelevant information is recalled. the majority of previous research has focused on how we learn and remember new information. but current studies are beginning to place greater emphasis on the conditions under which we forget, and its importance begins to be more appreciated. a very small number of people are able to remember almost every detail of their life. while it may sound like an advantage to many, people with this rare condition often find their unusual ability burdensome. in a sense, forgetting is our brain’s way of sorting memories, so the most relevant memories are ready for retrieval. normal forgetting may even be a safety mechanism to ensure our brain doesn’t become too full. what do people find about their rare ability to remember every detail of their life?
    a、it adds to the burden of their memory.
    b、it makes their life more complicated.
    c、it contributes to their success in life.
    d、it constitutes a rare object of envy.

10、the brain is a seemingly endless library, whose shelves house our most precious memories as well as our lifetime’s knowledge. but is there a point where it reaches capacity. the answer is no, because brains are more sophisticated than that. instead of just crowding in, old information is sometimes pushed out of the brain for new memories to form. precious behavioral studies have shown that learning new information can lead to forgetting. but in a new study, researchers demonstrated for the first time how this effect occurs in the brain. in daily life, forgetting actually has clear advantages. imagine, for instance, that just lost your bank card. the new card you receive will come with a new personal identification number(pin). each time you remember the new pin, you gradually forget the old one. this process improves access to the relevant information, without old memories interfering. and most of us may sometimes feel the frustration of having old memories interfere with new, relevant memories. consider trying to remember where you parked your car in the same car park you were at a week earlier. this type of memory (where you are trying to remember new, but similar information) is particularly vulnerable to interference. when we acquire new information, the main automatically tries to incorporate(合并) it within existing information by forming associations. and when we retrieve(检索) information, both the desired and associated but irrelevant information is recalled. the majority of previous research has focused on how we learn and remember new information. but current studies are beginning to place greater emphasis on the conditions under which we forget, and its importance begins to be more appreciated. a very small number of people are able to remember almost every detail of their life. while it may sound like an advantage to many, people with this rare condition often find their unusual ability burdensome. in a sense, forgetting is our brain’s way of sorting memories, so the most relevant memories are ready for retrieval. normal forgetting may even be a safety mechanism to ensure our brain doesn’t become too full. what does the passage say about forgetting?
    a、it can enlarge our brain capacity.
    b、it helps get rid of negative memories.
    c、it is a way of organizing our memories.
    d、it should not cause any alarm in any way.

11、it is generally agreed that the first true cities appeared about 5,000 years ago in the food-producing communities of the middle east. the cities of sumeria, egypt and the indus valley possessed a number of characteristics that distinguished them as truly urban. the cities were very much larger and more densely populated than any previous settlement, and their function was clearly differentiated from that of the surrounding villages. in the cities the old patterns of kinship（亲属关系）relations were replaced by a complex hierarchy（等级）of social classes based on the specialization of labor. moreover, the need to keep records led to the development of writing and arithmetic, and the increased sophistication（复杂程度）of urban society gave a new impetus（推动力）to artistic expression of every kind. when the basis of city life was established in europe, the urban tradition was drawn from the ancient cities of the middle east, via the civilization of greece and rome. we can trace three main phases（阶段） in the growth of the west european city. the first of these is the medieval phase, which extends from the beginning of the 11th a. d. to about 1,500. the second is the renaissance（文艺复兴） and baroque phase, which can be traced from about 1,500 to the beginning of the 19th century. the third is the modern phase extending from the early 19th century to the present day. every medieval city began as a small settlement, which grew up round a geographical or cultural focal point（焦点）. this would be a permanent structure such as a stronghold（ 要塞）, a cathedral or a large church. in districts where travel and trade were well established, it might be a market, a river crossing, or a place where two or more trade routs met. in studies of urban geography the oldest part of town is referred to as the nuclear settlement. there are many small towns in europe where it is still possible to trace（追踪）the outline of the original（原先的） nuclear settlement. it is, of course, much more difficult to do this in the case of a large modern city which has grown to many times its original size. 11. the ancient cities were characterized by all the following except__________.
    a、lager populations
    b、different roles
    c、different social classes
    d、different locations

12、it is generally agreed that the first true cities appeared about 5,000 years ago in the food-producing communities of the middle east. the cities of sumeria, egypt and the indus valley possessed a number of characteristics that distinguished them as truly urban. the cities were very much larger and more densely populated than any previous settlement, and their function was clearly differentiated from that of the surrounding villages. in the cities the old patterns of kinship（亲属关系）relations were replaced by a complex hierarchy（等级）of social classes based on the specialization of labor. moreover, the need to keep records led to the development of writing and arithmetic, and the increased sophistication（复杂程度）of urban society gave a new impetus（推动力）to artistic expression of every kind. when the basis of city life was established in europe, the urban tradition was drawn from the ancient cities of the middle east, via the civilization of greece and rome. we can trace three main phases（阶段） in the growth of the west european city. the first of these is the medieval phase, which extends from the beginning of the 11th a. d. to about 1,500. the second is the renaissance（文艺复兴） and baroque phase, which can be traced from about 1,500 to the beginning of the 19th century. the third is the modern phase extending from the early 19th century to the present day. every medieval city began as a small settlement, which grew up round a geographical or cultural focal point（焦点）. this would be a permanent structure such as a stronghold（ 要塞）, a cathedral or a large church. in districts where travel and trade were well established, it might be a market, a river crossing, or a place where two or more trade routs met. in studies of urban geography the oldest part of town is referred to as the nuclear settlement. there are many small towns in europe where it is still possible to trace（追踪）the outline of the original（原先的） nuclear settlement. it is, of course, much more difficult to do this in the case of a large modern city which has grown to many times its original size. which of the following statements is true?
    a、west european cities established their own urban traditions.
    b、west european cities grew directly out of those in the middle east.
    c、cities appeared earlier in the middle east than in greece and rome.
    d、west european and middle east cities went through the same phases.

13、it is generally agreed that the first true cities appeared about 5,000 years ago in the food-producing communities of the middle east. the cities of sumeria, egypt and the indus valley possessed a number of characteristics that distinguished them as truly urban. the cities were very much larger and more densely populated than any previous settlement, and their function was clearly differentiated from that of the surrounding villages. in the cities the old patterns of kinship（亲属关系）relations were replaced by a complex hierarchy（等级）of social classes based on the specialization of labor. moreover, the need to keep records led to the development of writing and arithmetic, and the increased sophistication（复杂程度）of urban society gave a new impetus（推动力）to artistic expression of every kind. when the basis of city life was established in europe, the urban tradition was drawn from the ancient cities of the middle east, via the civilization of greece and rome. we can trace three main phases（阶段） in the growth of the west european city. the first of these is the medieval phase, which extends from the beginning of the 11th a. d. to about 1,500. the second is the renaissance（文艺复兴） and baroque phase, which can be traced from about 1,500 to the beginning of the 19th century. the third is the modern phase extending from the early 19th century to the present day. every medieval city began as a small settlement, which grew up round a geographical or cultural focal point（焦点）. this would be a permanent structure such as a stronghold（ 要塞）, a cathedral or a large church. in districts where travel and trade were well established, it might be a market, a river crossing, or a place where two or more trade routs met. in studies of urban geography the oldest part of town is referred to as the nuclear settlement. there are many small towns in europe where it is still possible to trace（追踪）the outline of the original（原先的） nuclear settlement. it is, of course, much more difficult to do this in the case of a large modern city which has grown to many times its original size. which of the following could be regarded as a geographical focal point?
    a、a local restaurant
    b、a town hall
    c、a local theatre
    d、an open market.

14、it is generally agreed that the first true cities appeared about 5,000 years ago in the food-producing communities of the middle east. the cities of sumeria, egypt and the indus valley possessed a number of characteristics that distinguished them as truly urban. the cities were very much larger and more densely populated than any previous settlement, and their function was clearly differentiated from that of the surrounding villages. in the cities the old patterns of kinship（亲属关系）relations were replaced by a complex hierarchy（等级）of social classes based on the specialization of labor. moreover, the need to keep records led to the development of writing and arithmetic, and the increased sophistication（复杂程度）of urban society gave a new impetus（推动力）to artistic expression of every kind. when the basis of city life was established in europe, the urban tradition was drawn from the ancient cities of the middle east, via the civilization of greece and rome. we can trace three main phases（阶段） in the growth of the west european city. the first of these is the medieval phase, which extends from the beginning of the 11th a. d. to about 1,500. the second is the renaissance（文艺复兴） and baroque phase, which can be traced from about 1,500 to the beginning of the 19th century. the third is the modern phase extending from the early 19th century to the present day. every medieval city began as a small settlement, which grew up round a geographical or cultural focal point（焦点）. this would be a permanent structure such as a stronghold（ 要塞）, a cathedral or a large church. in districts where travel and trade were well established, it might be a market, a river crossing, or a place where two or more trade routs met. in studies of urban geography the oldest part of town is referred to as the nuclear settlement. there are many small towns in europe where it is still possible to trace（追踪）the outline of the original（原先的） nuclear settlement. it is, of course, much more difficult to do this in the case of a large modern city which has grown to many times its original size. it is easier to locate its original nuclear settlement of a small town___________.
    a、because it began as a small settlement
    b、because it is less developed
    c、because of its small size
    d、because of its location

15、it is generally agreed that the first true cities appeared about 5,000 years ago in the food-producing communities of the middle east. the cities of sumeria, egypt and the indus valley possessed a number of characteristics that distinguished them as truly urban. the cities were very much larger and more densely populated than any previous settlement, and their function was clearly differentiated from that of the surrounding villages. in the cities the old patterns of kinship（亲属关系）relations were replaced by a complex hierarchy（等级）of social classes based on the specialization of labor. moreover, the need to keep records led to the development of writing and arithmetic, and the increased sophistication（复杂程度）of urban society gave a new impetus（推动力）to artistic expression of every kind. when the basis of city life was established in europe, the urban tradition was drawn from the ancient cities of the middle east, via the civilization of greece and rome. we can trace three main phases（阶段） in the growth of the west european city. the first of these is the medieval phase, which extends from the beginning of the 11th a. d. to about 1,500. the second is the renaissance（文艺复兴） and baroque phase, which can be traced from about 1,500 to the beginning of the 19th century. the third is the modern phase extending from the early 19th century to the present day. every medieval city began as a small settlement, which grew up round a geographical or cultural focal point（焦点）. this would be a permanent structure such as a stronghold（ 要塞）, a cathedral or a large church. in districts where travel and trade were well established, it might be a market, a river crossing, or a place where two or more trade routs met. in studies of urban geography the oldest part of town is referred to as the nuclear settlement. there are many small towns in europe where it is still possible to trace（追踪）the outline of the original（原先的） nuclear settlement. it is, of course, much more difficult to do this in the case of a large modern city which has grown to many times its original size. which of the following would be the best title of the passage ?
    a、the origin and development of cities
    b、the differences between a modern city and an ancient city
    c、the functions of a city
    d、the characteristics of an ancient city.

16、taxes are a(n） ________________ which may fall on everybody. (oblige)

17、absolute secrecy is essential, ____________________, the fewwe who are awareof the project the better. (consequence)

18、these are being ______________ even by our devices again today. ( augment)

19、after he won the amateur championship, he turned himself to a ____________ boxer. ( profession)

20、she ________________ herself with the campaign against drug abuse last year. (identify)

东南大学成贤学院大学英语四期末考试

东南大学成贤学院2019-2020-2学期大学英语四期末考试

1、the more women and minorities make their way into the ranks of management, the more they seem to want to talk about things formerly judged to be best left unsaid. the newcomers also tend to see office matters with a fresh eye, in the process sometimes coming up with critical analyses of the forces that shape everyone’s experience in the organization. consider the novel views on the subject of getting ahead. coleman is black. he spent 11 years with ibm, half of them working in management development, and now serves as a consultant to the likes of at & t, coca cola. coleman says that based on what he's seen at big companies, he weighs the different elements that make for long term career success as follows: performance counts a mere 10%; image,30%; and exposure, a full 60%.coleman concludes that excellent job performance is so common these days that while doing your work well may win you pay increases, it won't secure you the big promotion. he finds that advancement more often depends on how many people know you and your work, and how high up they are. ridiculous beliefs? not to many people, especially many women and members of minority races who, like coleman, feel that the scales have dropped from their eyes. “women and blacks in organizations work under false beliefs,” says kaleen jamison, a new york based management consultant who helps corporations deal with these issues. “they think that if you work hard, you'll get ahead and someone in authority will reach down and give you a promotion.” she added, “most women and blacks are so frightened that people will think they’ve gotten ahead because of their sex or color that they play down their visibility.” her advice to those folks: learn the ways that white males have traditionally used to find their way into the spotlight. 1. according to the passage, “things formerly judged to be best left unsaid” (line 2, para. 1）probably refers to “___________”
    a、the opinions which are contrary to the established beliefs
    b、criticisms that shape everyone’s experience
    c、the ideas which come up with new ways of management in the organization
    d、the tendencies that help the newcomers to see office matters with a fresh eye

2、the more women and minorities make their way into the ranks of management, the more they seem to want to talk about things formerly judged to be best left unsaid. the newcomers also tend to see office matters with a fresh eye, in the process sometimes coming up with critical analyses of the forces that shape everyone’s experience in the organization. consider the novel views on the subject of getting ahead. coleman is black. he spent 11 years with ibm, half of them working in management development, and now serves as a consultant to the likes of at & t, coca cola. coleman says that based on what he's seen at big companies, he weighs the different elements that make for long term career success as follows: performance counts a mere 10%; image,30%; and exposure, a full 60%.coleman concludes that excellent job performance is so common these days that while doing your work well may win you pay increases, it won't secure you the big promotion. he finds that advancement more often depends on how many people know you and your work, and how high up they are. ridiculous beliefs? not to many people, especially many women and members of minority races who, like coleman, feel that the scales have dropped from their eyes. “women and blacks in organizations work under false beliefs,” says kaleen jamison, a new york based management consultant who helps corporations deal with these issues. “they think that if you work hard, you'll get ahead and someone in authority will reach down and give you a promotion.” she added, “most women and blacks are so frightened that people will think they’ve gotten ahead because of their sex or color that they play down their visibility.” her advice to those folks: learn the ways that white males have traditionally used to find their way into the spotlight. 2. to achieve success in your career, the most important factor, according to the passage, is to_______.
    a、let your superiors know how good you are
    b、work as a consultant to your superiors
    c、project a favorable image to the people around you
    d、perform well your tasks given by your superiors

3、the more women and minorities make their way into the ranks of management, the more they seem to want to talk about things formerly judged to be best left unsaid. the newcomers also tend to see office matters with a fresh eye, in the process sometimes coming up with critical analyses of the forces that shape everyone’s experience in the organization. consider the novel views on the subject of getting ahead. coleman is black. he spent 11 years with ibm, half of them working in management development, and now serves as a consultant to the likes of at & t, coca cola. coleman says that based on what he's seen at big companies, he weighs the different elements that make for long term career success as follows: performance counts a mere 10%; image,30%; and exposure, a full 60%.coleman concludes that excellent job performance is so common these days that while doing your work well may win you pay increases, it won't secure you the big promotion. he finds that advancement more often depends on how many people know you and your work, and how high up they are. ridiculous beliefs? not to many people, especially many women and members of minority races who, like coleman, feel that the scales have dropped from their eyes. “women and blacks in organizations work under false beliefs,” says kaleen jamison, a new york based management consultant who helps corporations deal with these issues. “they think that if you work hard, you'll get ahead and someone in authority will reach down and give you a promotion.” she added, “most women and blacks are so frightened that people will think they’ve gotten ahead because of their sex or color that they play down their visibility.” her advice to those folks: learn the ways that white males have traditionally used to find their way into the spotlight. 3. the reason why women and blacks play down their visibility is that they________.
    a、don’t want people to think that their promotions are due to sex or color
    b、know that someone in authority will reach down and give them a promotion
    c、don’t want to give people the impression that they work under false beliefs
    d、believe they can get promoted by reason of their sex or color

4、the more women and minorities make their way into the ranks of management, the more they seem to want to talk about things formerly judged to be best left unsaid. the newcomers also tend to see office matters with a fresh eye, in the process sometimes coming up with critical analyses of the forces that shape everyone’s experience in the organization. consider the novel views on the subject of getting ahead. coleman is black. he spent 11 years with ibm, half of them working in management development, and now serves as a consultant to the likes of at & t, coca cola. coleman says that based on what he's seen at big companies, he weighs the different elements that make for long term career success as follows: performance counts a mere 10%; image,30%; and exposure, a full 60%.coleman concludes that excellent job performance is so common these days that while doing your work well may win you pay increases, it won't secure you the big promotion. he finds that advancement more often depends on how many people know you and your work, and how high up they are. ridiculous beliefs? not to many people, especially many women and members of minority races who, like coleman, feel that the scales have dropped from their eyes. “women and blacks in organizations work under false beliefs,” says kaleen jamison, a new york based management consultant who helps corporations deal with these issues. “they think that if you work hard, you'll get ahead and someone in authority will reach down and give you a promotion.” she added, “most women and blacks are so frightened that people will think they’ve gotten ahead because of their sex or color that they play down their visibility.” her advice to those folks: learn the ways that white males have traditionally used to find their way into the spotlight. 4. in the author’s opinion, coleman’s beliefs are________.
    a、insightful
    b、popular
    c、superficial
    d、biased

5、the more women and minorities make their way into the ranks of management, the more they seem to want to talk about things formerly judged to be best left unsaid. the newcomers also tend to see office matters with a fresh eye, in the process sometimes coming up with critical analyses of the forces that shape everyone’s experience in the organization. consider the novel views on the subject of getting ahead. coleman is black. he spent 11 years with ibm, half of them working in management development, and now serves as a consultant to the likes of at & t, coca cola. coleman says that based on what he's seen at big companies, he weighs the different elements that make for long term career success as follows: performance counts a mere 10%; image,30%; and exposure, a full 60%.coleman concludes that excellent job performance is so common these days that while doing your work well may win you pay increases, it won't secure you the big promotion. he finds that advancement more often depends on how many people know you and your work, and how high up they are. ridiculous beliefs? not to many people, especially many women and members of minority races who, like coleman, feel that the scales have dropped from their eyes. “women and blacks in organizations work under false beliefs,” says kaleen jamison, a new york based management consultant who helps corporations deal with these issues. “they think that if you work hard, you'll get ahead and someone in authority will reach down and give you a promotion.” she added, “most women and blacks are so frightened that people will think they’ve gotten ahead because of their sex or color that they play down their visibility.” her advice to those folks: learn the ways that white males have traditionally used to find their way into the spotlight. 5. the best title for this passage would be________.
    a、the importance of being visible
    b、roles of women and minorities in management
    c、job performance and advancement
    d、sex and career success

6、where do good ideas come from? for centuries, all credit for these mysterious gifts went to faith, fortune and some fair muses. but to assume creativity is some lofty trait enjoyed by the few is both foolish and unproductive, argues jonah lehrer in his book imagine: how creativity works. drawing from a wide array of scientific and sociological research—and everything from the poetry of w.h. auden to the films of pixar—he makes a convincing case that innovation cannot only be studied and measured, but also nurtured and encouraged. 3m company is ranked as the third-most innovative in the world, selling more than 55,000 products, from streetlights to computer touch-screens. but when mr. lehrer visits, he finds employees engaged in all sorts of frivolous activities, such as playing pinball and wandering about the campus. these workers are actually pushed to take regular breaks, because interrupting work with a relaxing activity lets the mind turn inward, where it can subconsciously puzzle over subtle meanings and connections (the brain is incredibly busy when daydreaming). but this is just one reason for 3m's creative output. the company also encourages its employees to take risks, not only by spending masses on research （nearly 8% of gross revenue）, but also by expecting workers to spend around 15% of their time pursuing speculative ideas. most of these efforts will fail, but some, such as masking tape, an early 3m concept, will generate real profit for the company. the reason why this approach works is because many breakthroughs come when people venture beyond their area of expertise. often it takes an outsider to ask the kind of dumb questions that may yield an unconventional solution. this is why young people tend to be the most innovative thinkers in nearly any field, from physics to music. the ignorance of youth “comes with creative advantages,” writes mr. lehrer, as the young are less jaded by custom and experience. still, he reassures readers that anyone can stay creative as long as he works “to maintain the perspective of the outsider” by considering new problems at work (3m regularly rotates its engineers from division to division), travelling to new countries or simply spending more time staring “at things we don't fully understand”. mr. lehrer concludes with a call for better policy to “increase our collective creativity”. he also warns that the it demands a lot of time, sweat and grit. or as albert einstein put it: “creativity is the residue of time wasted.” 6. what’s people’s stereotype of the root of creativity?
    a、creativity is some lofty trait enjoyed by the few.
    b、creativity is less a sign of rare genius than a natural human potential.
    c、innovation cannot be studied and measured.
    d、innovation can be nurtured and encouraged.

7、where do good ideas come from? for centuries, all credit for these mysterious gifts went to faith, fortune and some fair muses. but to assume creativity is some lofty trait enjoyed by the few is both foolish and unproductive, argues jonah lehrer in his book imagine: how creativity works. drawing from a wide array of scientific and sociological research—and everything from the poetry of w.h. auden to the films of pixar—he makes a convincing case that innovation cannot only be studied and measured, but also nurtured and encouraged. 3m company is ranked as the third-most innovative in the world, selling more than 55,000 products, from streetlights to computer touch-screens. but when mr. lehrer visits, he finds employees engaged in all sorts of frivolous activities, such as playing pinball and wandering about the campus. these workers are actually pushed to take regular breaks, because interrupting work with a relaxing activity lets the mind turn inward, where it can subconsciously puzzle over subtle meanings and connections (the brain is incredibly busy when daydreaming). but this is just one reason for 3m's creative output. the company also encourages its employees to take risks, not only by spending masses on research （nearly 8% of gross revenue）, but also by expecting workers to spend around 15% of their time pursuing speculative ideas. most of these efforts will fail, but some, such as masking tape, an early 3m concept, will generate real profit for the company. the reason why this approach works is because many breakthroughs come when people venture beyond their area of expertise. often it takes an outsider to ask the kind of dumb questions that may yield an unconventional solution. this is why young people tend to be the most innovative thinkers in nearly any field, from physics to music. the ignorance of youth “comes with creative advantages,” writes mr. lehrer, as the young are less jaded by custom and experience. still, he reassures readers that anyone can stay creative as long as he works “to maintain the perspective of the outsider” by considering new problems at work (3m regularly rotates its engineers from division to division), travelling to new countries or simply spending more time staring “at things we don't fully understand”. mr. lehrer concludes with a call for better policy to “increase our collective creativity”. he also warns that the it demands a lot of time, sweat and grit. or as albert einstein put it: “creativity is the residue of time wasted.” 7. why do the workers in 3m company are pushed to take regular breaks?
    a、time away from a problem can help spark a moment of insight.
    b、interrupting work with a relaxing activity lets the mind turn outward.
    c、people tend to be more relaxed when taking a rest.
    d、many breakthroughs come when people venture within their area of expertise.

8、where do good ideas come from? for centuries, all credit for these mysterious gifts went to faith, fortune and some fair muses. but to assume creativity is some lofty trait enjoyed by the few is both foolish and unproductive, argues jonah lehrer in his book imagine: how creativity works. drawing from a wide array of scientific and sociological research—and everything from the poetry of w.h. auden to the films of pixar—he makes a convincing case that innovation cannot only be studied and measured, but also nurtured and encouraged. 3m company is ranked as the third-most innovative in the world, selling more than 55,000 products, from streetlights to computer touch-screens. but when mr. lehrer visits, he finds employees engaged in all sorts of frivolous activities, such as playing pinball and wandering about the campus. these workers are actually pushed to take regular breaks, because interrupting work with a relaxing activity lets the mind turn inward, where it can subconsciously puzzle over subtle meanings and connections (the brain is incredibly busy when daydreaming). but this is just one reason for 3m's creative output. the company also encourages its employees to take risks, not only by spending masses on research （nearly 8% of gross revenue）, but also by expecting workers to spend around 15% of their time pursuing speculative ideas. most of these efforts will fail, but some, such as masking tape, an early 3m concept, will generate real profit for the company. the reason why this approach works is because many breakthroughs come when people venture beyond their area of expertise. often it takes an outsider to ask the kind of dumb questions that may yield an unconventional solution. this is why young people tend to be the most innovative thinkers in nearly any field, from physics to music. the ignorance of youth “comes with creative advantages,” writes mr. lehrer, as the young are less jaded by custom and experience. still, he reassures readers that anyone can stay creative as long as he works “to maintain the perspective of the outsider” by considering new problems at work (3m regularly rotates its engineers from division to division), travelling to new countries or simply spending more time staring “at things we don't fully understand”. mr. lehrer concludes with a call for better policy to “increase our collective creativity”. he also warns that the it demands a lot of time, sweat and grit. or as albert einstein put it: “creativity is the residue of time wasted.” 8. why do young people tend to be the most innovative thinkers in nearly any field?
    a、the ignorance of young people may yield an unconventional idea.
    b、young people always ask some dumb questions.
    c、young people are more jaded by custom and experience.
    d、the ignorance of young people cannot come with creation.

9、where do good ideas come from? for centuries, all credit for these mysterious gifts went to faith, fortune and some fair muses. but to assume creativity is some lofty trait enjoyed by the few is both foolish and unproductive, argues jonah lehrer in his book imagine: how creativity works. drawing from a wide array of scientific and sociological research—and everything from the poetry of w.h. auden to the films of pixar—he makes a convincing case that innovation cannot only be studied and measured, but also nurtured and encouraged. 3m company is ranked as the third-most innovative in the world, selling more than 55,000 products, from streetlights to computer touch-screens. but when mr. lehrer visits, he finds employees engaged in all sorts of frivolous activities, such as playing pinball and wandering about the campus. these workers are actually pushed to take regular breaks, because interrupting work with a relaxing activity lets the mind turn inward, where it can subconsciously puzzle over subtle meanings and connections (the brain is incredibly busy when daydreaming). but this is just one reason for 3m's creative output. the company also encourages its employees to take risks, not only by spending masses on research （nearly 8% of gross revenue）, but also by expecting workers to spend around 15% of their time pursuing speculative ideas. most of these efforts will fail, but some, such as masking tape, an early 3m concept, will generate real profit for the company. the reason why this approach works is because many breakthroughs come when people venture beyond their area of expertise. often it takes an outsider to ask the kind of dumb questions that may yield an unconventional solution. this is why young people tend to be the most innovative thinkers in nearly any field, from physics to music. the ignorance of youth “comes with creative advantages,” writes mr. lehrer, as the young are less jaded by custom and experience. still, he reassures readers that anyone can stay creative as long as he works “to maintain the perspective of the outsider” by considering new problems at work (3m regularly rotates its engineers from division to division), travelling to new countries or simply spending more time staring “at things we don't fully understand”. mr. lehrer concludes with a call for better policy to “increase our collective creativity”. he also warns that the it demands a lot of time, sweat and grit. or as albert einstein put it: “creativity is the residue of time wasted.” 9. which of the following is not the reason for 3m’s creative output?
    a、strict working rules and regulations.
    b、regular breaks from work.
    c、encouraging workers to pursue speculative ideas.
    d、spending a great deal on research.

10、where do good ideas come from? for centuries, all credit for these mysterious gifts went to faith, fortune and some fair muses. but to assume creativity is some lofty trait enjoyed by the few is both foolish and unproductive, argues jonah lehrer in his book imagine: how creativity works. drawing from a wide array of scientific and sociological research—and everything from the poetry of w.h. auden to the films of pixar—he makes a convincing case that innovation cannot only be studied and measured, but also nurtured and encouraged. 3m company is ranked as the third-most innovative in the world, selling more than 55,000 products, from streetlights to computer touch-screens. but when mr. lehrer visits, he finds employees engaged in all sorts of frivolous activities, such as playing pinball and wandering about the campus. these workers are actually pushed to take regular breaks, because interrupting work with a relaxing activity lets the mind turn inward, where it can subconsciously puzzle over subtle meanings and connections (the brain is incredibly busy when daydreaming). but this is just one reason for 3m's creative output. the company also encourages its employees to take risks, not only by spending masses on research （nearly 8% of gross revenue）, but also by expecting workers to spend around 15% of their time pursuing speculative ideas. most of these efforts will fail, but some, such as masking tape, an early 3m concept, will generate real profit for the company. the reason why this approach works is because many breakthroughs come when people venture beyond their area of expertise. often it takes an outsider to ask the kind of dumb questions that may yield an unconventional solution. this is why young people tend to be the most innovative thinkers in nearly any field, from physics to music. the ignorance of youth “comes with creative advantages,” writes mr. lehrer, as the young are less jaded by custom and experience. still, he reassures readers that anyone can stay creative as long as he works “to maintain the perspective of the outsider” by considering new problems at work (3m regularly rotates its engineers from division to division), travelling to new countries or simply spending more time staring “at things we don't fully understand”. mr. lehrer concludes with a call for better policy to “increase our collective creativity”. he also warns that the it demands a lot of time, sweat and grit. or as albert einstein put it: “creativity is the residue of time wasted.” 10. what does “creativity is the residue of time wasted” (para. 5) mean?
    a、people need some “wasted” time to dream and imagine their ideas.
    b、it doesn’t take a lot of time to be creative.
    c、wasting some time will definitely bring about creation.
    d、creation is the result of wasting time.

11、the film forrest gump got six awards of the 67th oscar award in 1995, such as the best picture, the best actor, the best achievement in directing, adapting drama, the best achievement in film editing and the best visual effect. the film has reflected every aspect of u.s.a.’s life, important incidents of social, political life from a unique angle. forrest gump grows up in alabama. although his iq is just 75, his mother strives to make him feel no different from others. during his life, forrest achieves a lot more than any normal people may dream of. he becomes a college student because he can run very fast and is recruited in the college football team. after playing football for five years, forrest joins the army with his college degree. in the army, he meets a black young man called bubba who does not look down upon him and they become good friends. on the battlefield in vietnam, forrest saves the lives of many fellow soldiers, but he loses his friend bubba. among the people saved by forrest, there is lieutenant dan, who loses both his legs and insists that dying on the battlefield is his destiny. it happens that forrest has a talent for ping-pong, so he is placed in the all-american ping-pong team to visit china together with official delegation headed by president nixon. with the money from doing advertisement for a ping-pong paddle company, forrest begins his life as a shrimp boat captain in honor of bubba whose dream was to buy a shrimp boat of his own and to do business. forrest’s boat later survives a severe hurricane and makes forrest a millionaire. 11. what happens to forrest bump on the battlefield in vietnam?
    a、he saves the lives of many fellow soldiers.
    b、he dies there.
    c、he saves his friend bubba.
    d、he kills lieutenant dan.

12、the film forrest gump got six awards of the 67th oscar award in 1995, such as the best picture, the best actor, the best achievement in directing, adapting drama, the best achievement in film editing and the best visual effect. the film has reflected every aspect of u.s.a.’s life, important incidents of social, political life from a unique angle. forrest gump grows up in alabama. although his iq is just 75, his mother strives to make him feel no different from others. during his life, forrest achieves a lot more than any normal people may dream of. he becomes a college student because he can run very fast and is recruited in the college football team. after playing football for five years, forrest joins the army with his college degree. in the army, he meets a black young man called bubba who does not look down upon him and they become good friends. on the battlefield in vietnam, forrest saves the lives of many fellow soldiers, but he loses his friend bubba. among the people saved by forrest, there is lieutenant dan, who loses both his legs and insists that dying on the battlefield is his destiny. it happens that forrest has a talent for ping-pong, so he is placed in the all-american ping-pong team to visit china together with official delegation headed by president nixon. with the money from doing advertisement for a ping-pong paddle company, forrest begins his life as a shrimp boat captain in honor of bubba whose dream was to buy a shrimp boat of his own and to do business. forrest’s boat later survives a severe hurricane and makes forrest a millionaire. 12. why does forrest gump buy a shrimp ship?
    a、because he wants to honor his friend bubba.
    b、because he is rich and wants to show his wealth.
    c、because it’s his dream to buy a shrimp ship.
    d、because he loves the ocean.

13、in the new century, the asia-pacific economic development is faced with both opportunities and challenges. the region-wide and world economic slowdown and particularly the september 11 attacks have added to the difficulties and uncertainties of our regional economy. having said that, i wish to stress that in the long run, the asia-pacific economic prospect is broad and bright. as long as we seize the opportunities brought by economic globalization and scientific and technological revolution, stick to open regionalism, enhance regional cooperation and adopt strong macro-economic measures to speed up restructuring, we will be able to overcome difficulties and open up new dimensions for growth and prosperity in our region. china cannot develop in isolation of the world, and the world cannot achieve global prosperity without the development of china. china is an important member of the asia- pacific and international community. over the past 20 years, china has maintained a sustained, rapid and healthy economic development. an all-directional opening-up pattern is basically up and running. in the new century, we will continue to adhere to our independent foreign policy of peace, which is aimed at promoting world peace and stability, common growth and prosperity. we will continue to develop friendly relations and cooperation with the rest of the world on the basis of equality, reciprocity and mutual benefit. and we will continue to pursue the policy of opening-up, deepen the reform and devote ourselves to economic development. china’s economy will converge with that of the world faster with more solid strides. 13. what happens to the asia-pacific economic development in the new century?
    a、it is faced with both opportunities and challenges.
    b、it comes across with a lot of serious problems.
    c、it develops smoothly and rapidly.
    d、it opens up new dimensions for growth and prosperity.

14、in the new century, the asia-pacific economic development is faced with both opportunities and challenges. the region-wide and world economic slowdown and particularly the september 11 attacks have added to the difficulties and uncertainties of our regional economy. having said that, i wish to stress that in the long run, the asia-pacific economic prospect is broad and bright. as long as we seize the opportunities brought by economic globalization and scientific and technological revolution, stick to open regionalism, enhance regional cooperation and adopt strong macro-economic measures to speed up restructuring, we will be able to overcome difficulties and open up new dimensions for growth and prosperity in our region. china cannot develop in isolation of the world, and the world cannot achieve global prosperity without the development of china. china is an important member of the asia- pacific and international community. over the past 20 years, china has maintained a sustained, rapid and healthy economic development. an all-directional opening-up pattern is basically up and running. in the new century, we will continue to adhere to our independent foreign policy of peace, which is aimed at promoting world peace and stability, common growth and prosperity. we will continue to develop friendly relations and cooperation with the rest of the world on the basis of equality, reciprocity and mutual benefit. and we will continue to pursue the policy of opening-up, deepen the reform and devote ourselves to economic development. china’s economy will converge with that of the world faster with more solid strides. 14. which of the following is not a proper way to overcome the difficulties and develop the economy?
    a、to develop in isolation of the world.
    b、to seize the opportunities brought by economic globalization.
    c、to stick to open regionalism and enhance regional cooperation.
    d、to adopt strong macro-economic measures to speed up restructuring.

15、in the new century, the asia-pacific economic development is faced with both opportunities and challenges. the region-wide and world economic slowdown and particularly the september 11 attacks have added to the difficulties and uncertainties of our regional economy. having said that, i wish to stress that in the long run, the asia-pacific economic prospect is broad and bright. as long as we seize the opportunities brought by economic globalization and scientific and technological revolution, stick to open regionalism, enhance regional cooperation and adopt strong macro-economic measures to speed up restructuring, we will be able to overcome difficulties and open up new dimensions for growth and prosperity in our region. china cannot develop in isolation of the world, and the world cannot achieve global prosperity without the development of china. china is an important member of the asia- pacific and international community. over the past 20 years, china has maintained a sustained, rapid and healthy economic development. an all-directional opening-up pattern is basically up and running. in the new century, we will continue to adhere to our independent foreign policy of peace, which is aimed at promoting world peace and stability, common growth and prosperity. we will continue to develop friendly relations and cooperation with the rest of the world on the basis of equality, reciprocity and mutual benefit. and we will continue to pursue the policy of opening-up, deepen the reform and devote ourselves to economic development. china’s economy will converge with that of the world faster with more solid strides. 15. what is the aim of our independent foreign policy of peace?
    a、to promote world peace and stability, common growth and prosperity.
    b、to achieve global prosperity.
    c、to maintain a sustained, rapid and healthy economic development.
    d、to develop friendly relations and cooperation with the rest of the world.

16、a new study by us researchers has proven for the first time the causal connection between social media use and decreased mental health. few prior studies have attempted to show that social media use harms users’ well-being, and even those that did explore the issue were limited in scope or based on unrealistic situations. researchers at the university of pennsylvania designed the study that focused on facebook, snapchat and instagram, the three most popular social media platforms in the us. a total of 143 undergraduates at the university participated. they were randomly assigned into two groups: the control group was allowed to maintain their typical social media behavior; the experimental group was asked to limit their time on the three social media platforms to 10 minutes per platform per day. the participants completed a survey on their mood and well-being at the start of the study. after three weeks, they were tested again for outcomes such as fear of missing out, anxiety, depression and loneliness. throughout the study, researchers also collected objective usage data automatically tracked by iphones for active apps, not those running the background. as a result, researchers found that the group of limited social media use showed significant reductions in loneliness and depression over three weeks compared to the control group. “using less social media than you normally do would leads to significant decreases in both depression and loneliness. these effects are particularly pronounced for folks who were more depressed when they came into the study,” hunt said in a press release. it’s a little ironic that reducing the use of social media actually makes people feel less lonely, but the findings make sense when digging a little deeper, she said. “when you look at other people’s lives, particularly on instagram, it’s easy to conclude that everyone else’s life is cooler or better than yours,” she explained. hunt admitted that the study only looked at three major social media platforms and that the results may vary if applied to different age groups. the study was published in the latest issue of the journal of social and clinical psychology. 16. compared with prior studies, research conducted by the university of pennsylvania is ________.
    a、more comprehensive
    b、limited in scope
    c、not serious at all
    d、based on the unrealistic situations

17、a new study by us researchers has proven for the first time the causal connection between social media use and decreased mental health. few prior studies have attempted to show that social media use harms users’ well-being, and even those that did explore the issue were limited in scope or based on unrealistic situations. researchers at the university of pennsylvania designed the study that focused on facebook, snapchat and instagram, the three most popular social media platforms in the us. a total of 143 undergraduates at the university participated. they were randomly assigned into two groups: the control group was allowed to maintain their typical social media behavior; the experimental group was asked to limit their time on the three social media platforms to 10 minutes per platform per day. the participants completed a survey on their mood and well-being at the start of the study. after three weeks, they were tested again for outcomes such as fear of missing out, anxiety, depression and loneliness. throughout the study, researchers also collected objective usage data automatically tracked by iphones for active apps, not those running the background. as a result, researchers found that the group of limited social media use showed significant reductions in loneliness and depression over three weeks compared to the control group. “using less social media than you normally do would leads to significant decreases in both depression and loneliness. these effects are particularly pronounced for folks who were more depressed when they came into the study,” hunt said in a press release. it’s a little ironic that reducing the use of social media actually makes people feel less lonely, but the findings make sense when digging a little deeper, she said. “when you look at other people’s lives, particularly on instagram, it’s easy to conclude that everyone else’s life is cooler or better than yours,” she explained. hunt admitted that the study only looked at three major social media platforms and that the results may vary if applied to different age groups. the study was published in the latest issue of the journal of social and clinical psychology. 17. which of the following statements is true about the study?
    a、the experimental group spent about no more than minutes on three platforms each day.
    b、active apps which run the background were used by the researchers.
    c、all the participants in this study were anxious, worried and jealous.
    d、the study collected lots of useful data from facebook, snapchat and twitter.

18、a new study by us researchers has proven for the first time the causal connection between social media use and decreased mental health. few prior studies have attempted to show that social media use harms users’ well-being, and even those that did explore the issue were limited in scope or based on unrealistic situations. researchers at the university of pennsylvania designed the study that focused on facebook, snapchat and instagram, the three most popular social media platforms in the us. a total of 143 undergraduates at the university participated. they were randomly assigned into two groups: the control group was allowed to maintain their typical social media behavior; the experimental group was asked to limit their time on the three social media platforms to 10 minutes per platform per day. the participants completed a survey on their mood and well-being at the start of the study. after three weeks, they were tested again for outcomes such as fear of missing out, anxiety, depression and loneliness. throughout the study, researchers also collected objective usage data automatically tracked by iphones for active apps, not those running the background. as a result, researchers found that the group of limited social media use showed significant reductions in loneliness and depression over three weeks compared to the control group. “using less social media than you normally do would leads to significant decreases in both depression and loneliness. these effects are particularly pronounced for folks who were more depressed when they came into the study,” hunt said in a press release. it’s a little ironic that reducing the use of social media actually makes people feel less lonely, but the findings make sense when digging a little deeper, she said. “when you look at other people’s lives, particularly on instagram, it’s easy to conclude that everyone else’s life is cooler or better than yours,” she explained. hunt admitted that the study only looked at three major social media platforms and that the results may vary if applied to different age groups. the study was published in the latest issue of the journal of social and clinical psychology. 18. what did the researchers find out in the study?
    a、the less time one spends on social media, the less depressed and lonely he feels.
    b、one will feel more energetic after using social media.
    c、social media enables users to live a full life.
    d、if one spends less time on social media, he will get more loneliness and depression.

19、a new study by us researchers has proven for the first time the causal connection between social media use and decreased mental health. few prior studies have attempted to show that social media use harms users’ well-being, and even those that did explore the issue were limited in scope or based on unrealistic situations. researchers at the university of pennsylvania designed the study that focused on facebook, snapchat and instagram, the three most popular social media platforms in the us. a total of 143 undergraduates at the university participated. they were randomly assigned into two groups: the control group was allowed to maintain their typical social media behavior; the experimental group was asked to limit their time on the three social media platforms to 10 minutes per platform per day. the participants completed a survey on their mood and well-being at the start of the study. after three weeks, they were tested again for outcomes such as fear of missing out, anxiety, depression and loneliness. throughout the study, researchers also collected objective usage data automatically tracked by iphones for active apps, not those running the background. as a result, researchers found that the group of limited social media use showed significant reductions in loneliness and depression over three weeks compared to the control group. “using less social media than you normally do would leads to significant decreases in both depression and loneliness. these effects are particularly pronounced for folks who were more depressed when they came into the study,” hunt said in a press release. it’s a little ironic that reducing the use of social media actually makes people feel less lonely, but the findings make sense when digging a little deeper, she said. “when you look at other people’s lives, particularly on instagram, it’s easy to conclude that everyone else’s life is cooler or better than yours,” she explained. hunt admitted that the study only looked at three major social media platforms and that the results may vary if applied to different age groups. the study was published in the latest issue of the journal of social and clinical psychology. 19. according to hunt, which of the following statements is true?
    a、the findings may be different among different age groups.
    b、if we envy other’s life, we will never be successful.
    c、anyone who participates in the study will feel more depressed.
    d、limited social media use will reduce depression and loneliness slightly.

20、a new study by us researchers has proven for the first time the causal connection between social media use and decreased mental health. few prior studies have attempted to show that social media use harms users’ well-being, and even those that did explore the issue were limited in scope or based on unrealistic situations. researchers at the university of pennsylvania designed the study that focused on facebook, snapchat and instagram, the three most popular social media platforms in the us. a total of 143 undergraduates at the university participated. they were randomly assigned into two groups: the control group was allowed to maintain their typical social media behavior; the experimental group was asked to limit their time on the three social media platforms to 10 minutes per platform per day. the participants completed a survey on their mood and well-being at the start of the study. after three weeks, they were tested again for outcomes such as fear of missing out, anxiety, depression and loneliness. throughout the study, researchers also collected objective usage data automatically tracked by iphones for active apps, not those running the background. as a result, researchers found that the group of limited social media use showed significant reductions in loneliness and depression over three weeks compared to the control group. “using less social media than you normally do would leads to significant decreases in both depression and loneliness. these effects are particularly pronounced for folks who were more depressed when they came into the study,” hunt said in a press release. it’s a little ironic that reducing the use of social media actually makes people feel less lonely, but the findings make sense when digging a little deeper, she said. “when you look at other people’s lives, particularly on instagram, it’s easy to conclude that everyone else’s life is cooler or better than yours,” she explained. hunt admitted that the study only looked at three major social media platforms and that the results may vary if applied to different age groups. the study was published in the latest issue of the journal of social and clinical psychology. 20. what did hunt think of the study?
    a、the findings of the study were reasonable.
    b、it would lead to a sharp decrease in social media use.
    c、the findings of the study were significant and completely right.
    d、it would urge the government to make strict rules for social media platforms.

21、21. it is important to be able to find out that what you know is __________ , and keep updating.
    a、obsolete
    b、obscure
    c、optimal
    d、abstract

22、22. what if i had a partner capable of __________ from memory, and discerning patterns in seemingly chaotic information?
    a、retrieving
    b、retreating
    c、repeating
    d、concerning

23、23. the steady-looking careers will __________ by the time they retire.
    a、dissipate
    b、dismiss
    c、debate
    d、discuss

24、24. unfortunately, i had to _______ his invitation for his birthday party because i would take an exam that day.
    a、decline
    b、dismiss
    c、reject
    d、refuse

25、25. in unit 1 passage a, the author thinks the problem of “fatherless america” ________ attention of the whole society.
    a、merits
    b、doubts
    c、abuses
    d、bombards

26、26. in unit 1 passage a, the main purpose of the author is to ________.
    a、urge the society to recognize that both mother and father are important
    b、criticize media for their prejudices against men
    c、stress the seriousness of the missing dad
    d、ask for support from media on the fairness

27、27. we are not by nature evil people; we are beautiful and caring and _____________.
    a、compassionate
    b、comprehension
    c、companion
    d、commodity

28、28. neither congress nor the supreme court should_______ to pressure from the medias.
    a、yield
    b、surrender
    c、sustain
    d、relieve

29、29. he was ______eye troubles.
    a、plagued by
    b、endured by
    c、complained by
    d、unhappy by

30、30. in this sense，the encyclopedic cultural value and historic significance of dunhuang are _____________ .
    a、inestimable
    b、impossible
    c、invincible
    d、inevitable

31、用所给词的适当形式填空 31. memorization is a stepping-stone to ___________ in use of words and phrases. (flexible)

32、用所给词的适当形式填空 32. paying taxes is an ___________ which may fall on everyone. (oblige)

33、用所给词的适当形式填空 33. in her office memos, she tended to ___________ the work done by her staff. (value)

34、用所给词的适当形式填空 34. this is __________ the expansion of the universe driving galaxies even further from each other. (accelerate)

35、用所给词的适当形式填空 35. the book presents a __________ distorted picture. (fundamental)

36、用所给词的适当形式填空 36. i felt real __________ for my mother and what she had been through. (empathize)

37、用所给词的适当形式填空 37. the us government is _____ more jobs from its payrolls. （slash）

38、用所给词的适当形式填空 38. the future of the company will depend _____ on how consumers respond. (crucial)

39、用所给词的适当形式填空 39. he talks in _____ terms about the promise of american life. (uplift)

40、用所给词的适当形式填空 40. they have been charged with _______ and willfully making false statements to the fbi in a matter involving international terrorism. （know）

41、用所给词的适当形式填空 41. the king has ________ the artist to paint his portrait. （commission）

42、用所给词的适当形式填空 42. i wonder how we can help my quick-tempered niece karen loosen up and be a little more ________ of common human flaws. ）（tolerate)

43、用所给词的适当形式填空 43. harry allen hoped mayer would “keep speaking as ____________ as he clearly can against racism/white supremacy.” (intelligent)

44、用所给词的适当形式填空 44. in hindsight, it’s so obvious now that she was ____________ for help with her problem, but we just didn’t see it at the time. (reach out)

45、用所给词的适当形式填空 45. he did not however say that the president lied, but rather that his response was “____________ narrow” and evasive. (suspicious)